1 Alternative Process Modeling langugues UML activity diagrams Event-driven process chains System-specific languages like Staffware will follow later...

2 UML Unified Modeling Language (Booch, Jacobson, and Rumbaugh) Diagrams in UML –Class diagrams –Object diagrams –Use case diagrams –Sequence diagrams (P) –Collaboration diagrams (P) –Statechart diagrams (P) –Activity diagrams (P) –Component diagrams –Deployment diagrams Four of the ten diagrams can be used to describe process-related aspects. The activity diagrams are close to workflow languages and borrow elements from Petri nets.

3 UML overview Use Case Diagrams Collaboration Diagrams Sequence Diagrams Class Diagrams State ch. Diagrams Activity Diagrams Deployment Diagrams Component Diagrams

4 Basic concepts

5 Basic routing mechanisms (1)

6 Basic routing mechanisms (2) * Do not use this in this course! *

7 Example

8 Event-Driven Process Chains (EPC’s) German: Ereignisgesteuerte Proceßkette (EPK) (Keller, Nüttgens, Scheer 1992) Used in: –SAP reference models, –SAP R/3 Business Workflow (EPC views), –ARIS (IDS Prof. Scheer), –LiveModel/Analyst (Intellicorp. Inc.) Elements: Every function/event has max. 1 input/output arc!!

9 EPC (Semantics) Initial/final functions have input/output place  XOR ?

10 EPC (Semantics connectors)

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19 EPC (Example) Note the multiple start and end events

20 EPC (Connected connectors)

21 EPC (Solution)

22 EPC (Solution, top)

23 EPC (Solution, bottom)

24 EPC (Find the error)

25 Good and bad constructs

26 OR splits and OR joins OR split can be mapped onto an AND-split followed by XOR-splits. OR join has the "bus driver semantics" (this causes a paradox and other problems).

27 Travel expenses process in SAP R/3 reference model

28 Dealing with EPCs Informal, i.e., no clear semantics To map an EPC onto Petri nets: –Remove all OR-splits and OR-joins, i.e., refine them by AND and XOR (interpretation is needed). –Resolve the fact that there can be multiple source and sink events by refinement and the use of triggers (interpretation is needed). (i.e., first interpret the process and then translate)

29 EPC (Extensions, ARIS) Executive mgmt Materials mgmt Sales InventoryDisposition Request Offer Customer Request received Request processed Offer processing Request processing Sales processing Determine delivery date Request processing Sales Offer processing Check Credit worthiness Organizational view Data view Control view Functional view

30 ARIS Toolset (IDS Scheer) EPC SAP R3 reference models

31 Travel expenses process subprocess

32 EPC view in SAP Business Workflow, SAP AG

33 In this course you are expected to be able... to read and understand UML activity diagrams, to map simple UML activity diagrams onto the notation of this course (only control flow), to read and understand EPCs, to map any EPC onto the notation of this course (only control flow), to map simple examples onto the EPCs!