HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Islamic Empires in Asia Section 1:The Ottoman Empire Section 2:The Safavid Empire Section 3:The Mughal Empire in India CHAPTER 18

HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 2 Objectives: Explain how the Ottomans built and expanded their empire. Explain how the Ottomans built and expanded their empire. Describe how the Ottomans organized their government and society. Describe how the Ottomans organized their government and society. Section 1: The Ottoman Empire

HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 3 The Rise of the Ottomans The elite Ottoman army – Janissaries (highly trained slave soldiers) The elite Ottoman army – Janissaries (highly trained slave soldiers) Timur challenges the Ottomans Timur challenges the Ottomans Recovery and expansion – conquests of Constantinople and Hungary, expansion to eastern Europe, western Asia, northern Africa Recovery and expansion – conquests of Constantinople and Hungary, expansion to eastern Europe, western Asia, northern Africa Section 1: The Ottoman Empire

HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 4 Ottoman Government and Society The millet system – separate religious communities under general control of sultan; each had own laws and customs The millet system – separate religious communities under general control of sultan; each had own laws and customs Slow decline begins – economic problems, competition with Europe, corruption, and rebellions Slow decline begins – economic problems, competition with Europe, corruption, and rebellions Section 1: The Ottoman Empire

HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 5 Objectives: Discuss the role of religion in the development of the Safavid Empire. Discuss the role of religion in the development of the Safavid Empire. Explain how ‘Abbās the Great brought the empire to its height. Explain how ‘Abbās the Great brought the empire to its height. Section 2: The Safavid Empire X

HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 6 The Rise of the Safavits Safī od-Dīn – shifted from Sunni to Shi‘ah Safī od-Dīn – shifted from Sunni to Shi‘ah Kizilbash – military group that fought back against Sunni persecution Kizilbash – military group that fought back against Sunni persecution Esmā’īl’s religious policy – forced all Sunni Persians to convert to Shi‘ah to develop distinct Persian identity and unify the nation Esmā’īl’s religious policy – forced all Sunni Persians to convert to Shi‘ah to develop distinct Persian identity and unify the nation Section 2: The Safavid Empire X

HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 7 Shah ’Abbās the Great Military reforms – slave soldiers who were loyal to the shah Military reforms – slave soldiers who were loyal to the shah The height of the empire – recapture of lost territory, policies of economic growth The height of the empire – recapture of lost territory, policies of economic growth Section 2: The Safavid Empire X

HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 8 Objectives: Explain the events that led to the beginning of the Mughal Empire. Explain the events that led to the beginning of the Mughal Empire. Identify the policies that allowed for the expansion of the Mughal Empire. Identify the policies that allowed for the expansion of the Mughal Empire. Describe the Mughal Empire at its height. Describe the Mughal Empire at its height. Section 3: The Mughal Empire in India

HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 9 The Origin of the Mughal Empire Rajputs – began to challenge Delhi sultans Rajputs – began to challenge Delhi sultans Bābur – Mongol leader captured Delhi and surrounding region Bābur – Mongol leader captured Delhi and surrounding region Section 3: The Mughal Empire in India

HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 10 The Growth of Mughal Power Religious policy – tolerant of all religions; established Divine Faith that blended elements of Islam, Hinduism, Jainism, Christianity, and other religions Religious policy – tolerant of all religions; established Divine Faith that blended elements of Islam, Hinduism, Jainism, Christianity, and other religions Economy and trade – strong economy; many resources for trade Economy and trade – strong economy; many resources for trade Section 3: The Mughal Empire in India

HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 11 The Height of the Mughal Empire A new religion – Sikh faith called for devotion to one God, a lack of idols, less rigid social system; became militant and enemies of Mughal Empire and Muslims A new religion – Sikh faith called for devotion to one God, a lack of idols, less rigid social system; became militant and enemies of Mughal Empire and Muslims Aurangzeb – imposed strict Islamic law, persecuted all other faiths, ended government spending on buildings and monuments Aurangzeb – imposed strict Islamic law, persecuted all other faiths, ended government spending on buildings and monuments Section 3: The Mughal Empire in India