The Roaring Twenties

Changes in American life following WWI Labor saving products came on the scene and transformed daily life. People now had more leisure time. Some examples of these products are - refrigerators, stoves, and vacuum cleaners. Electric lighting now existed in more than 60% of American households. People moved to the suburbs and had cars to drive back in to their city jobs.

Technological Advances in the area of Communication Increased availability of telephones Development of the radio by Gugliemo Marconi Development of the broadcast industry by David Sarnoff Development of the movies

David Sarnoff – Head of RCA, began experimenting with the idea of broadcast journalism – first in radio and then TV Gugelielmo Marconi – Pioneer of wireless communications “the radio”

Entertainment Movies Offered entertainment Offered escape Were black and white Were called talkies First talkie – The Jazz Singer Radios First commercial radio broadcast – KDKA in Pittsburgh Programs included –News –Concerts –Sporting events –Comedies –music

The Great Migration North During WWI, more than 500,000 African Americans had left the South for new jobs in the North. Why? Low-paying jobs in the south Discrimination and violence in the south Better employment opportunities in the north Segregation in the south This northern migration caused Race riots Discrimination Violence - all in the north

There was much intolerance in America during the 1920s. Some examples….  Increase in the number of lynchings (hangings) in the South. More than 70 African Americans were lynched.  Revival of the Ku Klux Klan – They used pressure and scare tactics to get their way, but sometimes Klan members whipped or lynched people or burned property.  Nativism – the belief that native-born Americans were superior to foreigners.  Back to Africa Movement – supported by Marcus Garvey who opposed integration and urged African Americans to establish their own country in Africa.

Intolerance Continued - The Red Scare - was a period when the government went after “Reds” - as communists were known, and others with radical views such as anarchists. Anarchists – people who believe there should be no government In the early 1920s, the government deported – expelled about 500 aliens it had arrested because they were considered dangerous.

Intolerance Continued – The Trial of Sacco and Vanzetti The Crime – two men robbed a shoe factory in Massachusetts, shooting and killing a guard and paymaster. Arrested – Italian immigrants Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti. Both men were anarchists and Sacco owned a gun similar to the one found at the crime scene. Verdict – Sacco and Vanzetti were executed.

Inventions and Technology Wider availability of consumer goods Assembly lineRadio Increased demand for electricity Higher standard of living Advertising Brand Names Installment buying More leisure time for me!!

Advertisements of the 1920s

The effects of the automobile on American society Detroit, Michigan became the automobile manufacturing center of the world. The automobile Increased mobility Allowed movement to the suburbs Provided new jobs Supported industries such as: – Steel – Road construction – Tourism – Oil

Music, Art, and Literature The Harlem Renaissance was a time of increased awareness of the literary and artistic achievements of African Americans. 1. Langston Hughes - writer 2. Jacob Lawrence - artist 3. Louis Armstrong - musician 4. Duke Ellington - musician 5. Bessie Smith – blues singer

Music- -The Age of Jazz Louis Armstrong – African American jazz composer Duke Ellington – African American jazz composer Aaron Copeland – composer who wrote uniquely American music Bessie Smith – African American blues singer George Gershwin – composer who wrote uniquely American music

Music- -The Age of Jazz Duke Ellington Louis Armstrong

Bessie Smith-blues singer during the Harlem Renaissance

Aaron Copeland – composer of uniquely American music both jazz and classical George Gershwin – composer of uniquely American music. Musicals: Porgy and Bess, Funny Face

Art Georgia O’Keefe – artist known for urban scenes and, later, paintings of the Southwest Jacob Lawrence – African American painter who chronicled the experiences of the Great Migration north through art

Paintings of Georgia O’Keefe

Paintings of Jacob Lawrence

Literature Langston Hughes –African American poet who combined the experiences of African and American cultural roots F. Scott Fitzgerald – novelist who wrote about the Jazz Age of the 1920s John Steinbeck – novelist who portrayed the strength of poor migrant workers during the 1930s

Literature Langston Hughes Harlem What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore— And then run? Does it stink like rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over— like a syrupy sweet? Maybe it just sags like a heavy load. Or does it explode?

F. Scott Fitzgerald – novelist, wrote about the Jazz Age of the 1920s John Steinbeck – novelist, wrote about migrant workers in the 1930s

Key Individuals who impacted the 1920s Henry Ford – model T John Scopes – biology teacher –found guilty of teaching evolution Clarence Darrow – defense attorney

Prohibition – the forbidding by law of the making or selling of alcoholic beverages The Temperance Movement worked to rid alcohol in America. The 18 th Amendment made it illegal to manufacture, transport, and sell alcoholic beverages in our country It was passed in Because the 18 th Amendment didn’t work, Congress voted to pass the 21 st Amendment which repealed the 18 th Amendment.

The following resulted from the 18 th Amendment: Moonshine – homemade alcohol Bootleggers – people who made and sold alcohol illegally Speakeasies – clubs where alcohol was sold illegally Organized crime

Changing Role of Women The symbol of the 1920’s American women was the flapper. (women who were eager to try something new )

Women discovered more personal freedom in the 1920s. drove cars played sports went to college had new job opportunities could vote gained property rights

Frank Lloyd Wright He was an American architect, interior designer, writer, and educator who designed more than 1000 projects.