Triple Helix Innovation in a Crises Era Henry Etzkowitz I International ITHI- Triple Helix Institute T 1

Triple Helix Thesis University plays leading role in Knowledge-based Society: shift from secondary to primary institutional sphere Taking the role of the other e.g., university forming firms; government as venture capitalist; industry raising training to higher levels Triadic Interaction Facilitates Innovation Civil Society Substrate of Triple Helix Innovation 2

Statist Triple Helix Government Industry Academia 3

State IndustryAcademia 、 Laissez-faire Triple Helix 4

The Entrepreneurial University Second Academic Revolution: entrepreneurship, innovation as third academic mission Can be built on a teaching or research university base / Sciences Humanities: Oregon Shakespeare MIT Consulting Part of Prof Job 1/5 th rule Newcastle Professor of Practice ½ rule Stanford: Critical Mass of Professorial Variety Brazil Innovation Law 2004 allows firm and academic lab together 5

Innovation Paradox  Problem: Financial Resources less Available in Downturn  Opportunity: Human Resources More Available  Counter-Cyclical Venture Capital  Proposition 71 California Stem Cell Initiative; 3 Billion  Necessity of Informed Choice: Picking Winners 6

Triple Helix Spaces Linking knowledge, innovation, governance and leadership 7

Knowledge space Pool of existing knowledge and the means of production of new knowledge Prerequisite: reach critical mass of research resources to generate growth Potential: Universities, Firm R&D units and Research Institutes (often underutilized) E.g. 1980s post-earthquake decentralization of Mexico City R&D institutes (R. Casas) 8

Consensus space Neutral ground to Generate Ideas and Strategies - Triple Helix Meeting Place Formal and informal networks support new innovation projects Leadership by various Triple Helix actors 9

Innovation space Leadership: Regional Innovation Organizer Creation of new and adaptation of existing hybrid organizations from elements of the TH spheres: e.g. Venture Capital Firm, Incubator, Science Park, ‘Company’ Universities Renewal of Science Parks: foundation of technology-based universities 10

U I Circulation of Individuals in Triple Helix G U I U I G 11

Triple Helix conceptual axes Individual Dynamics Circulation of individuals within and among TH spheres:  dual roles of academics in U-I/U-G;  student internships in firms, government, training in firms for dissertations TH education:  Students: Novum Trivium, TH PhD  Academics: PoPs, RoPs Institutional Spheres Hybrid institutions at UIG interfaces: U-I interface: TTOs, SPs, BIs, ILOs, JRCs, excellence centres); U-G interface: university contracts & grants offices, academics’ advisory services to policy- makers; I-G interface: chambers of commerce, professional associations, sectoral firm associations Integrative Spaces Knowledge, Consensus and Innovation Spaces Dissemination of innovation and best practice from local/regional to national/international level through networks of universities, firms, interface organisations Regional Innovation Organizer (leadership) 12

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