The motives of competition and profit often prompt people and groups to expand into new areas of opportunity. Changes in technology and exchange during the 18 th and 19 th centuries led to the social and economic changes around the world that are still relevant today.

How should resources and wealth be distributed?

 Define industrial revolution, agricultural revolution.  Analyze how the growth of agriculture in the Industrial Revolution affected the environment and living conditions of the people.  Examine the impact of new technology and inventions on societies, by creating inventions that would be relevant to today’s world..

Enclosure movement  Forced small farmers off land to create ________________.  Done to increase production as __________________ increased.  Many small farmers moved to the ______________. Crop Rotation  Rotation of crops to different fields each season to ________________  Better soil produced ____________. Enclosures New agricultural methods led to __________________

Livestock Breeding  Breeding only the strongest animals with desirable traits increased average ________ of livestock. Seed Drill  Allowed farmers to sow seeds in ___________________.  More seeds ______________, leading to larger crop yields.

Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill

Agricultural Revolution Industrial Revolution What’s the connection?

Why did it occur? Agricultural Revolution led to more ____________. More _________led to more __________. More _________required more __________. People needed to find ways to _____________those goods. Solution? ________________ Means what? The production of goods by ____________instead of by ____________.

What was it? A time of greatly increased output of ____________ goods, drastically changing the way people lived and worked. When and where did it begin? Began in ____________during the 18 th century. Quickly spread to the U.S. and other parts of Europe.

Large _____________________. Abundant _________________.  __________________ for powering new machines.  ________to create tools, machines, and buildings.  Intersected by many __________ for transportation within Britain  Good ___________ provided sea access to ship goods abroad.

____________ expanding – people willing to _____ in new businesses. Banking system provided _______ to start new business. Political ___________ Parliament passed laws to encourage encourage investment and business expansion by __________________.

King George III Ruled Queen Victoria Ruled

Definition: Resources needed to produce goods and services:  Land  Labor  Capital (wealth) Britain possessed abundant supply of them all

Spinning Jenny allowed spinners to work eight threads at once (1764) Flying Shuttle doubled work weavers could do in a day.

Water Frame allows water to power spinning wheels Spinning Mule produced stronger thread

Power looms turned thread into cloth.

Cotton gin invented by Eli Whitney (1763). Cleaned cotton infinitely faster, easier

All of these machines were too ___________________ for homes. So factories were built to house these machines. Define factory: Large building where machinery is used to manufacture goods big and expensive

Watt’s steam engine (1763) James Watt Steam

Enormous amounts of coal had to be burned to make enough steam to power the machines. Coal production in England soared:  1700 : 2.7 million tons  1750 : 4.7 million tons  1800 : 10 million tons  1850 : 50 million tons

Steam powered ______ and _____________ _________ roads using crushed rock created by John McAdam. New “_____________” (toll roads) built. Network of __________ built throughout England. Steamboat Steam locomotive Improvements in Transportation: