Drinking Water and Lead Customer Version 2 September 20, 2016

Lead is NOT found in: GLWA’s source water from Lake Huron and the Detroit River Treated water that leaves GLWA’s water treatment plants 2

Historical Use of Lead 3

A child's environment is full of lead. Children are exposed to lead from different sources (such as paint, gasoline, solder, and consumer products) and through different pathways (such as air, food, water, dust, and soil). Although there are several exposure sources, lead-based paint is the most widespread and dangerous high-dose source of lead exposure for young children. 4

Health Risks to Young Children “Even low levels of lead in the blood of children can result in behavior and learning problems, lower IQ, hyperactivity, slowed growth, hearing problems and anemia.” USEPA Pregnant women are at particular risk from lead exposure that can result in reduced fetus growth, stillbirth. (Troesken, 2006; Edwards, 2014) 5

Lead can leach into drinking water through service line connections and indoor plumbing pipes and fixtures 6

Sources of Lead in Drinking Water 7 BRASS FAUCETS & PLUMBING FIXTURES LEAD SERVICE LINES LEAD SOLDER ON COPPER PIPES LEAD GOOSENECKS ON GALVANIZED STEEL SERVICE LINES LEAD SERVICE LINE

Lead levels vary from household to household. The only way to confirm the presence of lead in drinking water is through testing. 8

The Lead and Copper Rule Published in 1991 and required first round of sampling in 1992 Identified corrosion control as method to reduce the risk of lead leaching into drinking water Requires monitoring at high risk sites every 3 years if compliance has been maintained Only SDWA rule that is monitored at water consumer’s tap 9

GLWA has a successful corrosion control program 10

Orthophosphate Reduces the Risk of Lead Leaching into Water Forms a protective layer inside plumbing materials to prevent lead and other metals from dissolving into the water Provides the best level of protection Used in the food and beverage industry Safe for human consumption 11 protective layer

GLWA’s Optimized Corrosion Control Program Determined optimal dosing from study conducted in the 1990’s Requires maintaining pH levels and orthophosphate dosage at treatment tap Orthophosphate level is measured continuously and accuracy of meter verified every 8 hours 12

13 Our water system is a share responsibility Remove version that does not apply to local community

14 Our water system is a share responsibility Remove version that does not apply to local community

32 STORAGE RESERVOIRS Infrastructure Responsibilities MILES OF TRANSMISSION MAIN 5 WATER TREATMENT PLANTS 19 BOOSTER STATIONS 290 MASTER METERS Service Area: 8 counties, 3.9 million people

16 XXX MILES WATER MAIN XXX METERS XXXX FIRE HYDRANTS XX PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES XX BOOSTER STATIONS X STORAGE RESERVOIRS Community logo Infrastructure Responsibilities Service Area: xx,000 population, x,xxx water accounts

Water Infrastructure Responsibilities for Typical Owner of 1,700-square-foot Home 17 5 FAUCETS AND SHOWER HEADS 1 WATER HEATER 280 FEET OF INTERNAL PLUMBING PIPES WITH 100 FITTINGS 50 FEET OF SERVICE LINE

Service lines are a local community and property owner responsibility 18

19 Remove version that does not apply to local community City Name Responsibility Property owner Responsibility

20 Remove version that does not apply to local community City Name Responsibility Property owner Responsibility

Materials Used in Service Lines LEAD COPPER PLASTIC GALVANIZED STEEL (MAGNET STICKS) 21

Wholesale customer insert slide showing history of lead and copper testing results in their community. Possible format shown below. 22 Year th percentile valuex.xx ppb Total number of samplesxx Number ≥ 15 ppbxx Number ≥ 5 ppb but < 15 ppbxx Number < 5 ppbxx Community logo Current action level is 15 ppb for 90 th percentile sample. Maximum Contaminant Level Goal is 0 ppb. Historical Lead Results

MDEQ Recommended Changes New guidance and regulations are likely in the future Communities begin developing a plan to identify and replace all lead components in the communities’ distribution system, including the privately-owned portion of the service line Encouraging communities to explore availability of Drinking Water Revolving Fund loans for lead service line replacements and to provide low interest loans or other incentives to homeowners to replace their portion of the service line 23

Lead Service Lines and Goosenecks Wholesale customer insert slide on number of lead service lines/lead goosenecks (or map) in their community or efforts to identify where they are Communities state when local ordinance started prohibiting use of lead service lines or goosenecks (if known) 24

Plan to Identify and Replace Lead Components Wholesale customer insert slide on approach to address lead service lines 25

Water consumers can take steps to reduce the risk of lead getting into their water 26

Test for Presence of Lead Test water if you have a lead service line or concerns – contact (community or lab?) Have blood test performed on children – contact your physician 27

28 1.Run cold water for 30 seconds to 2 minutes if a faucet hasn’t been used for 6 hours Consumer Steps to Reduce Lead in Water

29 2.Always use cold water for drinking, cooking and making baby formula Consumer Steps to Reduce Lead in Water

30 3.Periodically remove and clean the faucet screen/aerator Consumer Steps to Reduce Lead in Water

31 4.Consider replacing faucets installed prior to 2014 Consumer Steps to Reduce Lead in Water

32 5.Can install water filters that meet NSF Standard 53 for lead removal if pregnant women or children under 6 are in the home Consumer Steps to Reduce Lead in Water

Frequently Asked Questions About Lead and Copper in Water Available on GLWA website at: Spanish and Arabic translations are coming soon. 33

Questions 34

Extra slides that were removed to shorten the presentation follow. These can be incorporated into the presentation if desired.

Service area: 3.9 million people 8 counties 36

Lead and Copper Rule Sampling Requirements Currently every 3 years if action level hasn’t been exceeded Updated instructions sent by MDEQ in May 2016 – Sampling pool includes full and partial lead service lines and lead goosenecks – Must document reason for change in high risk sampling sites Focus on increased transparency and assistance to the public All lead monitoring sampling results above 15 ppb will be provided to the Department of Health and Human Services 37

Steps to Limit Exposure During Construction Activities in Homes with Lead Service Lines & Plumbing Fixtures Clean faucet aerator at least monthly Run cold water for 30 seconds to 2 minutes if a faucet hasn’t been used for 6 hours Use a filter when drinking or cooking particularly if you are pregnant or have children under the age of 6 38

Addressing Other Sources of Lead in the Home Lead-based paint – Test to confirm – Regularly clean floors, window sills and other surfaces – Abate lead paint with certified lead abatement contractor – Imported toys can contain lead-based paints Soil, air and dust – Remove shoes or wipe them off before entering your home – Wash children’s hands, bottles, pacifiers and toys often – Take precautions to avoid exposure during remodeling and abatement Food – Make sure children eat healthy diets that help protect them from effects of lead Certain types of pottery, porcelain and pewter – Don’t use decorative or older dishes for serving or eating food 39