The Reformation and Northern Renaissance
Objectives Summarize the factors that encouraged the Protestant Reformation. Analyze Martin Luther’s role in shaping the Protestant Reformation. Explain the teachings and impact of John Calvin.
Terms and People Diet John Calvin Predestination Geneva Theocracy Martin Luther Indulgence
The Protestant Reformation Started in the 1500s Northern Europe calls for church reform Christian unity was shattered
Motors of the Reformation The printing press Spread knowledge and ideas quickly Humanist ideas Questioning the central force in life – the church
Church vs. the world Popes competed against Italian Princes for political power Wars were fought over papal states (under pope rule) Plotted against Monarchs who wanted the papal states Hired artists to beautify the church
Church and $$$$ To finance lifestyles the church did the following: Charged fees for baptisms and marriages Sold indulgences (Rich could afford) Lessen time in purgatory Offered for good deeds done Many Christians were against Sold positions in the Church
Martin Luther German Monk Despised the sale of indulgences Argued indulgences had no place in the bible Christians could only be saved by faith Rejected the authority of Rome
Reactions to Martin Luther Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther Emperor Charles V declared Luther an outlaw Many agreed with his teachings and became followers
Luther Teachings All have equal access to God, not just priests He wanted everyone to study the bible so he translated it into German Banned indulgences, confession, prayers to saints
Printing Press Helped spread the Luther Word Printed the Bible into a language other than Latin Everyone could interpret the bible
John Calvin Accepted most of Lutheran beliefs but added his own Predestination – God had already determined who would and would not gain salvation Established a theocracy in Geneva Government where church leaders are also leaders in the government.
Battles Germany – Lutherans and Catholics fought Calvinists France- Calvinists battled Catholics Scotland- Calvinists led by John Knox help overthrow the Catholic queen.
Some Reformers Flee Some reformers decided they needed a fresh start and were granted the right to start a colony in the New World. These reformers set sail on the Mayflower and begin a new society in the America’s.
The Northern Renaissance During the time of the Reformation a second renaissance was happening in Europe. Instead of being centered around Florence this one was centered around the city of Flanders. The ideas and technology developed here would soon spread all around Europe.
People of the Northern Renaissance Johann Gutenberg Invented the printing press with movable type. Albrecht Dürer Leonardo of the North, use Renaissance techniques in engraving Erasmus Translated the Bible into the Vernacular Sir Thomas More Humanist who pushed for social reform in England, beheaded Shakespeare Wrote many plays and is the most famous writer of the Northern Renaissance. Added 1,700 words to the English language.
New Ideas Printing Press Engraving The Bible in the vernacular Vernacular – the common tongue spoken by every day people. Oil based paints