World War I

What caused the war?

1. Imperialism - European countries competed with each other for control of colonies around the world.

2. Militarism European nations spent large sums of money to enlarge their armed forces. An endless planning for war made war much more likely.

3. Nationalism Extreme devotion to your country. Countries willing to go to war to protect their interests. There was also ethnic nationalism.

4. Alliances In order to stay secure European countries made alliances with other countries and promised to come to each other’s aid if attacked.

1914 Alliances The Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary The Allies Britain France Russia Serbia

Leaders of Austria-Hungary 1914 Emperor Franz JosephArchduke Franz Ferdinand

Gavrilo Princip – Serbian Nationalist Angry that Austria-Hungary Controls Bosnia. He believes Bosnia should be Serbian. He Plans to murder Archduke Franz Ferdinand during his Visit to Sarajevo, Bosnia.

June 28, 1914: Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary is killed by a Serbian.

July 28, 1914: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.

July 29, 1914: Russia Mobilizes its Army and moves it to the German and Austrian-Hungarian borders.

August 1 st 1914: Germany Declares War on Russia August 3 rd 1914: Germany Declares War on France

August 4 th 1914 – Germany Invades Belgium. Britain declares war on Germany. World War I begins.

5. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Weapons of WWI Trench Warfare

Weapons of WWI Poison Gas

Weapons of WWI Machine Guns Barbed Wire Tanks

Weapons of WWI Unterseeboots

Weapons of WWI Propaganda

Weapons of WWI Trench Warfare Poison Gas Machine Guns Barbed Wire Tanks Unterseeboots Propaganda

Where is the U.S.? Across the Atlantic Ocean Neutral Isolationist – following a policy of Isolationism

Who was President in the United States in 1914?? Woodrow Wilson. -- Elected in Re-elected in 1916 Slogan: “He kept us out of war.” Opponent = Charles Evans Hughes

U.S. in the Great War Sinking of the Lusitania (May, 1915)

U.S. in the Great War Zimmerman Note (January, 1917)

U.S. in the Great War Submarines Sinking of the Lusitania (May, 1915) Zimmerman Note (January, 1917) Submarines (unrestricted) Congress votes for war (April, 1917)

U.S. in the Great War U.S. == Great Supplier for the War

U.S. in the Great War Home Front (Mobilization) – Music – Victory Gardens – Committee on Public Information (George Creel)

U.S. in the Great War Home Front (Mobilization) –Victory Gardens

U.S. in the Great War Home Front (Mobilization) –Committee on Public Information (George Creel)

U.S. in the Great War Home Front (Mobilization) – War Industries Board (Bernard Baruch – Food Administration (Herbert Hoover) –Fuel Administration

War Finally Ends November 11, Armistice Paris Peace Conference (January 1919) Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points (idealistic) “Big Four” Woodrow Wilson George Clemenceau David Lloyd George Vittorio Orlando

War Finally Ends Treaty of Versailles (June 1919) Danzig War Guilt Clause reparations Poland & Czechoslovakia League of Nations

Reparations

War Finally Ends

Where is the United States?

Returning to a policy of Isolationism

1920 Election Warren G. Harding (normalcy) vs. James M. Cox

Some say that World War I “sowed the seeds” for World War II. Is that possible?