Non-infectious Disease

What is it?  Disease that does not spread from person to person  Usually chronic (long-lasting)  Examples:  Cancer  Allergies  Diabetes  Autoimmune diseases (arthritis, Celiac disease, MS, lupus)  Disease that does not spread from person to person  Usually chronic (long-lasting)  Examples:  Cancer  Allergies  Diabetes  Autoimmune diseases (arthritis, Celiac disease, MS, lupus)

Diabetes  Pancreas does not produce enough insulin  Both types have genetic tendencies  Type 1  Immune system attacks pancreas  Pancreas stops producing insulin  No cure  Occurs in childhood or adolescence  Type 2  Body doesn’t respond to insulin  Occurs in adulthood  Risk factors: high blood pressure, overweight  Cured by weightloss  Pancreas does not produce enough insulin  Both types have genetic tendencies  Type 1  Immune system attacks pancreas  Pancreas stops producing insulin  No cure  Occurs in childhood or adolescence  Type 2  Body doesn’t respond to insulin  Occurs in adulthood  Risk factors: high blood pressure, overweight  Cured by weightloss

Autoimmune diseases  Immune system attacks own cells  Multiple sclerosis (MS)- nervous system  Rheumatoid arthritis- joints  Lupus- skin, joints, kidneys  No cure  Immune system attacks own cells  Multiple sclerosis (MS)- nervous system  Rheumatoid arthritis- joints  Lupus- skin, joints, kidneys  No cure

Allergies  Immune system overreacts to foreign substances  Common allergens  Penicillin  Mold  Dust  Pollen   Treated with antihistamines  Immune system overreacts to foreign substances  Common allergens  Penicillin  Mold  Dust  Pollen   Treated with antihistamines

Cancer  Body cells divide out of control  Cell cycle becomes unregulated  Caused by mutations of genes  Pathogens- viruses can mutate genes  Chemicals- nicotine  Radiation- UV light  Body cells divide out of control  Cell cycle becomes unregulated  Caused by mutations of genes  Pathogens- viruses can mutate genes  Chemicals- nicotine  Radiation- UV light

4 main types  Carcinoma  External tissue- skin  Sarcoma  Internal tissue- bone, muscle  Leukemia  Blood forming tissue- marrow, spleen  Lymphoma  Lymphatic system- lymph nodes, lymph fluid  Carcinoma  External tissue- skin  Sarcoma  Internal tissue- bone, muscle  Leukemia  Blood forming tissue- marrow, spleen  Lymphoma  Lymphatic system- lymph nodes, lymph fluid

Tumors  Form when cells grow uncontrollably into a mass.  Benign = Not cancer  Cells stay clumped  Can be removed easily  Can cause damage in the brain  Malignant = Cancer  Cells spread out  Infect other tissues  Especially dangerous if infects lymph nodes  Spreading called metastasis  Form when cells grow uncontrollably into a mass.  Benign = Not cancer  Cells stay clumped  Can be removed easily  Can cause damage in the brain  Malignant = Cancer  Cells spread out  Infect other tissues  Especially dangerous if infects lymph nodes  Spreading called metastasis

Treatment  Chemotherapy  Chemicals are put into the body to destroy fast growing cells  Targets cancer cells (as well as hair and blood cells)  Radiation  Uses radiation beams to kill cancer cells and target tumors  Can make you sick  Chemotherapy  Chemicals are put into the body to destroy fast growing cells  Targets cancer cells (as well as hair and blood cells)  Radiation  Uses radiation beams to kill cancer cells and target tumors  Can make you sick

Other option  Surgery  Remove tumor  Remove entire organ if possible (breast, ovaries, testes)  Tumor Pictures!  Surgery  Remove tumor  Remove entire organ if possible (breast, ovaries, testes)  Tumor Pictures!

Women  Breast cancer  Hard to detect because of mammary glands  Can be malignant or benign  Ovarian cancer  Tumors on ovary tissue  Can spread into the uterus if not caught  Cervical cancer  Tumors form on cervix  Can spread to other body parts  Breast cancer  Hard to detect because of mammary glands  Can be malignant or benign  Ovarian cancer  Tumors on ovary tissue  Can spread into the uterus if not caught  Cervical cancer  Tumors form on cervix  Can spread to other body parts

Men  Prostate cancer  Gland that makes seminal fluid (between the rectum and bladder)  Tumors can be benign or malignant. Can cause death  Testicular cancer  Tumors form in testes  Most common among young men  Breast cancer  1,700 diagnosed every year  Tumors form in breast area  Prostate cancer  Gland that makes seminal fluid (between the rectum and bladder)  Tumors can be benign or malignant. Can cause death  Testicular cancer  Tumors form in testes  Most common among young men  Breast cancer  1,700 diagnosed every year  Tumors form in breast area

Environmental  Lung cancer  Caused by tobacco smoke, asbestos, genetics  Skin Cancer/melanoma  UV radiation  Family history  Usually benign and can be removed, malignant can be deadly  Throat/mouth  Chewing and smoking tobacco  Drinking alcohol  Can cause permanent damage to larynx and tongue  Lung cancer  Caused by tobacco smoke, asbestos, genetics  Skin Cancer/melanoma  UV radiation  Family history  Usually benign and can be removed, malignant can be deadly  Throat/mouth  Chewing and smoking tobacco  Drinking alcohol  Can cause permanent damage to larynx and tongue