Racism in America
Exposure to American sailors in early 1800s Gold Rush – 1852 brings 20,000 to California Transcontinental Railroad – 10,000-15,000 imported from Political unrest in China – Taiping Rebellion ( ) Earning differential
California 1852: $50 entry fee, $3/month miners license 1855: Miner’s license raised to $6 / month 1863: Disallowed from testifying, Children inadmissible to public schools 1876: Barred from working on government projects, owning land Nationally Chinese Exclusion Act
1912 American complaint against Russian antiSemitism blunted by memory of Chinese exclusion policies