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Md. Saiful Alam Lecturer in Physics Faculty of Sci. & Hum. BAIUST Waves & Oscillations, Optics and Thermal Physics PHY 121

Waves & Oscillations: Differential equation of simple harmonic oscillator, Total energy and average energy, Combination of simple harmonic oscillations, Spring mass system, Torsional pendulum; Two body oscillation, Reduced mass, Damped oscillation, Forced oscillation, Resonance; Progressive wave, Power and intensity of wave, Stationary wave, Group and phase velocities. Optics: Theories of light; Interference of light, Young’s double slit experiment, Fresnel’s bi-prism. Interference in thin films, Newton’s rings, Interferometers, Diffraction of light: Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffractions, Diffraction by single slit, diffraction by double slits, diffraction gratings, Resolving power of optical instruments, Polarization of light: production and analysis of polarized light, polarization by double refraction, Brewster’s law, Malus law, Nicole prism, optical activity and polarimeter. Laser, spontaneous and stimulated emission, Helium-Neon laser, laser applications. Waves & Oscillations: Differential equation of simple harmonic oscillator, Total energy and average energy, Combination of simple harmonic oscillations, Spring mass system, Torsional pendulum; Two body oscillation, Reduced mass, Damped oscillation, Forced oscillation, Resonance; Progressive wave, Power and intensity of wave, Stationary wave, Group and phase velocities. Optics: Defects of images: Spherical aberration, Astigmatism, Coma, Distortion, Curvature, Chromatic aberration. Theories of light; Interference of light: Young's double slit experiment, Displacements of fringes and its uses, Fresnel bi-prism, Interference in thin films, Newton's rings, Interferometers; Diffraction: Diffraction by single slit, Diffraction from a circular aperture, Resolving power of optical instruments, Diffraction at double slit and N-slits, Diffraction grating; Polarization: Production and analysis of polarized light, Brewster's Law, Malus Law, Polarization by double refraction, Nicol prism, Optical activity, Polarimeters. Thermal Physics: Heat and work- the first Law of Thermodynamics and its applications; Kinetic theory of gases - kinetic interpretation of temperature, Specific heats of ideal gases, Equipartition of energy, Mean free path, Maxwell's distribution of molecular speeds, Reversible and irreversible processes, Carnot's cycle, Second Law of Thermodynamics, Carnot's theorem, Entropy, Thermodynamic functions, Maxwell relations, Clausius and Clapeyron equation.

4 Waves and Oscillations Waves & Oscillations: Differential equation of simple harmonic oscillator, Total energy and average energy, Combination of simple harmonic oscillations, Spring mass system, Torsional pendulum; Two body oscillation, Reduced mass, Damped oscillation, Forced oscillation, Resonance. Progressive wave, Power and intensity of wave, Stationary wave, Group and phase velocities. Contents Differential equation of simple harmonic oscillator, Total energy and average energy, Combination of simple harmonic oscillations, Spring mass system, Torsional pendulum; Two body oscillation, Reduced mass, Damped oscillation, Forced oscillation, Resonance Progressive wave, Power and intensity of wave, Stationary wave, Group and phase velocities.

5 Waves and Oscillations Reference Books Concepts of Modern Physics- Arthur Beiser Physics for Engineers by Giasuddin Ahmed (Part-1) B Sc Physics Volume II-C L Arora

6 Waves and Oscillations Schoology F3KC7-CQSXQ

7 Waves and Oscillations Motion Periodic motion Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) Types of Harmonic Motion Oscillations in different Medium Differential Equation of SHM

8 Waves and Oscillations Motion Displacement Direction Velocity Acceleration.

9 Periodic Motion A motion which repeats itself over and over again after a regular interval of time. Examples  Motion of moon about the earth  The motion of a mass suspended from a coil spring  The motion of a pendulum Waves and Oscillations

10 When the particle, undergoing periodic motion, covers the same path back and forth about a mean position. Oscillation Waves and Oscillations The oscillatory motion is, therefore, a to and fro (forward and backward) motion.

11 Waves and Oscillations Oscillatory motion is also referred to as harmonic motion

12 Simple Harmonic Motion  the acceleration is proportional to its displacement from its equilibrium position. Waves and Oscillations  the acceleration of the particle is always directed in a direction opposite to the direction of the displacement. Whenever a force acting on a particle,

If it is not the same on either side of the mean position, the motion is still harmonic but not simple harmonic  For simple harmonic notion, maximum displacement is same on either side of the mean position Simple Harmonic Motion Waves and Oscillations

Oscillations in different Medium Simple Harmonic Motion Waves and Oscillations Damped Medium Undemped Medium

15 Differential Equation of Simple Harmonic Motion according to Newton's laws of motion Waves and Oscillations If F be the force acting on a particle and y is displacement from its mean position, then

Waves and Oscillations is a constant equal to Differential Equation of Simple Harmonic Motion

17 ?

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