Naziha Inam

Equity in health care refers to ensuring quality care and best outcomes regardless of race, religion, language, income or any other individual characteristic. OR The absence of avoidable or remediable differences among groups of people, whether those groups are defined socially, economically, demographically or geographically (WHO)

Health Inequities : Differences in health status or in the distribution of health determinants between different population groups. Health Disparities : Differences in access to or availability of facilities and services.

Health is a fundamental human right and its progressive realization will eliminate inequalities that result from differences in health status (such as disease or disability) in the opportunity to enjoy life and pursue one's life plans. The social determinants of health are mostly responsible for health inequities - the unfair and avoidable differences in health status seen within and between countries.

SDOH have direct impact on health SDOH structure other causes of health: Environment Behavior Services

Income & income inequality Education Race/ethnicity/gender & related discrimination Built Environment Stress Social support Early child experiences Employment Housing Transportation Food Environment Social standing

Workshop on health equity and human rights curricula for lady health workers (2016) Islamabad Health Equity model (2013) Addressing SDOH in Pakistan (2012)

BHURBUN 2012

Identify determinants of health related issues Evaluation of disparities Development, evaluation and implementation of interventions i.e. NAP Collaborative effort of Govt institutions, NGO’s, electronic and print media and religious scholars& the role of policticians parliamentarians and legislators Health education for health promotion strategies

Determine distribution of income and level of education within the provinces, at various district levels & at country level. Decentralization strategy by delegating powers to provinces & districts. A policy of needs-based resource allocation systems is to be devised at district level after stratifying population groups. A program for generating employment based upon teaching and training of masses in technical skills and local cottage industry like project development, must be incorporated. National Finance Award exists, but final allocation of resources should be on equitable basis by considering age, gender, specific health needs, density, geographical locations, cross-boundary flows and different costs of health care delivery and access. A liaison with Planning and Development Department is mandatory. For the programs to run efficiently, revenue generation at district and town levels.

Hospital pharmacist Community/retail pharmacist Regulator Industrial pharmacist