New Perspectives on Asset Class Investing Name Title © 2016 LWI Financial Inc. All rights reserved. Investment advisory services provided by LWI Financial Inc. (“Loring Ward”). Securities transactions are offered through its affiliate, Loring Ward Securities Inc., member FINRA/SIPC. B 14-013 (4/18)
? $ Investing Starts with a Plan People invest their money to reach a goal Creating a plan clarifies those goals ? $ To start you off, investing is not really about the markets. It's not about stocks or bonds. It's about people, and it's about having a plan. We won't just invest. You don't work hard, put money away and say, "I'm investing." You really have to have goals that you've documented. And these goals typically include important areas such as health, family, work, visions and values, lifestyle, retirement and financial comfort. As financial advisors, we find out what your passions are, what your concerns are in these areas. We take inventory of where you are now and where you want to be into the future, and we create your plan.
A 65-Year-Old Couple Has 30 Years of Planning #1 Objective: Don’t run out of money $ ? $ When you do that, you take the typical 65-year-old baby boomer couple today, they have 30 years of joint life expectancy, meaning there is a high probability that at least one of them is going to live to age 95. * This means that the #1 objective for most of us is not running out of money. That's what most of us care about, is it not? It is not what the S&P did last month, or what this money manager thinks about China or what may or may not happen in the markets 3 months from now. It is about the next 30 years. And that is a very long time to plan for. *Source: Social Security Administration period life table Source: Social Security Administration period life table
Financial Planning Software Based on historical market index return data and realistic expectations The number one question of many investors is, "Am I going to make it?" That's what we care about. not what the market's doing. And when you work with a financial advisor, the financial planning software he or she uses to help plan for those 30+ years will be based on historical market index return data and realistic expectations. After all, what good is a plan based on unrealistic assumptions or data that goes against historical norms. That wouldn’t be prudent or realistic. And you get a score regardless of the financial planning software, that gives you some probability of success rate. Obviously, in the red area, you're going to reevaluate. Let's say, mainly can't spend as much as you wanted to spend in retirement or maybe you can't retire at the date you want to retire. What if we put it off two more years? What if we live off $500 less a month? What does it do to this dial? There are all kinds of things you can do, regardless of the market, to increase your probability of success. This planning is not based on you getting lucky and beating the market. We use the conservative approach, the prudent investor rule approach to determine probability--and that is using historical market rates of return.
Historical Long-Term Rate of Return 6-11% Generally, plans are based on the historical long-term rates of returns for various asset classes. Usually, 6% to 11%, depending on the asset class, with small caps towards the 11% range and long-term bonds towards the 6% range. When you build a plan, you need to find investments to actually implement the plan and implement the portfolio with.
Thousands of Investment Options Active Passive As an investor you have thousands, actually tens of thousands of investment options, most of which look pretty much the same to the average investor. But in our opinion, these boil down to a fundamental choice, between active and passive investments. That's the first way to get a clearer vision of everything out there.
Diversified group of securities You Have Two Choices Active Passive Diversified group of securities Stock Picking Market Timing Tax efficiency Here are the differences: Obviously, active managers, they have two things at their disposal. They can do market timing and/or stock picking, securities selection. Passive managers believe in buying a diversified group of securities, and passive investments tend to be more tax efficient than active investments, since passive managers do not buy or sell as frequently as active managers. And frequent buying and selling can have a real impact on taxes paid. Those are the core differences of the two philosophies. Again, you've got a plan built using historical market rates of return, using realistic assumptions and, we hope, a good probability of success. First question to ask yourself is--which of these two strategies gives you the best chance of getting those market returns that your plan is based on? Diversification neither assures a profit nor guarantees against loss in a declining market.
Poor Track Record for Active Managers Percentage of Active Funds that Outperformed Their Index 2006 - 2015 100% 80% 60% 40% 40% 26% 21% 17% 20% 9% This study looked at the performance of active money managers over the last 10 years vs. Standard & Poor’s Indices. As you can see, over the 10-year cycle from 2006 through 2015, the percentage of active managers that outperformed their respective benchmarks was very low. Now, this isn't saying that active management cannot beat the market. Obviously, it can. In International Stocks for the last 10 years, 21% of International stock active managers did beat the index. 79% didn't, and that 21% of managers may not do as well in the next 10 years. The problem is that most active managers are reliably unpredictable in delivering the market returns that your plan is based off of. By a show of hands, if your plan is built using historical market return assumptions, and this is your outcome for active managers, would you implement your plan with these odds? Any takers? 0% U.S. Stocks International Stocks Emerging Stocks U.S. Bonds Global Bonds Source: Standard & Poor’s Indices Versus Active Funds Scorecard (SPIVA) 2015. Index used for comparison: US Equities — S&P 1500 Index; International — S&P 700 Index; Emerging Markets — S&P/IFCI Composite; US Fixed — Gov. Short, Global Fixed — Barclays Global Aggregate. Outperformance is based upon equal weight fund counts. Index returns do not include payment of any sales charges or fees an investor would pay to purchase the securities they represent. Such costs would lower performance. Past performance is not an indication of future results. More recent performance may alter these assessments or outcomes.
Diversified group of securities You Choose… Stock Picking Market Timing Active Passive Diversified group of securities Tax efficiency Since it is so hard for smart money managers backed by a wealth or research and resources to beat the market, we think that it makes sense for many investors to invest passively.
Thousands of Investment Options Active Passive As an investor you have thousands, actually tens of thousands of investment options, most of which look pretty much the same to the average investor. But in our opinion, these boil down to a fundamental choice, between active and passive investments. That's the first way to get a clearer vision of everything out there.
You Have Two More Choices Passive Index Asset Class Diversified groups of securities Tax efficiency Diversified groups of securities Tax efficiency And two more choices… Index or Asset Class. Now, the two strategies have a lot of similarities. They both offer diversified exposure to groups of investments and tax efficiency. Index funds and asset class funds also offer typically lower costs than active management. But the asset class approach does a few things a little differently than indexing. One of them is precision. Precision
Precision Did you ever wonder what happens to the Jelly Belly jelly beans that are a little less perfect? Or the ones that somehow escaped the Jelly Belly logo stamper? Well, those are Belly Flops! They weed them out and sell them at a steep discount. The same process applies asset class investing. Managers are free to select the securities that best represent the asset class. They don’t have to accept stocks that don’t fit, IPOs, bankrupt securities, etc. They can weed all these “Belly Flops” out of the portfolio. But Index funds are typically are stuck with the flops. They also don’t have the flexibility to make changes as stocks change. Indexes are typically reconstituted just once a year. If an underlying security migrates to a different asset class (the company grows substantially bigger, for example) it won’t be removed from the index or fund until its annual review — creating a disconnect between what investors want and what their portfolios hold.
You Have Two More Choices Passive Index Asset Class Diversified groups of securities Diversified groups of securities Tax efficiency Tax efficiency Asset Class Investing also offers flexibility when it comes to buying companies in a portfolio. Precision Flexibility
Flexibility Have you ever tried flying during the holidays? You know how expensive it can be. Everyone wants to fly at the same time and that drives up prices. But what if you could be more flexible about when you travel? You could expect much lower fares. The same is true of investing The goal of an index fund is to track an index as closely as possible. That means a fund’s manager must buy a security the day it is added to an index. The end result of this Reconstitution Effect is that the index manager must typically pay a high price due to the temporary run up in price between the announcement and when it is actually added. Additionally, index funds have no flexibility to exclude or postpone a trade if the pricing is not favorable. Asset class funds don't have to “fly during the holidays.” They always keep their options open to get the best price, both buying and selling.
You have Two More Choices Passive Index Asset Class Diversified groups of securities Diversified groups of securities Tax efficiency Tax efficiency Finally, Asset class investing focuses on the specific factors of return that can help drive performance. Precision Flexibility Factors of return
Factors of Return Value Size Momentum Profitability Just as a car’s performance is the result of a number of factors, such as gas, oil, tires, spark plugs, aerodynamics and so on, so is the performance of securities as a whole driven by a number of factors. These include size (small vs. large), value (vs. Growth), profitability and momentum. Index funds can also be chosen to focused sectors like small/large/value/growth stocks. But they suffer from some challenges around precision and consistency. For example, since indices are usually reconstituted annually, if a small cap stock enjoys strong growth and becomes a mid cap stock, it will remain in a small cap index fund until the next reconstitution. A small cap asset class fund, however, would have the flexibility to start moving that formerly small stock out of the fund Index funds also tend not to focus as narrowly on size and value as asset class funds and include stocks that Asset Class funds typically exclude. Profitability and momentum are largely unique to Asset Class Investing. And Asset Class Investing is based on decades of academic research, including the work of 7 Nobel laureates.
Are All Passive the Same? Diversification Tax Efficiency Precision Flexibility Factors of Return So, all passive investments are not the same. When you apply all five of these areas, diversification, tax efficiency, precision of securities you want to own in the asset class, flexibility in buying the securities and the academic research that shows what drives returns…what you are left with, primarily we believe, are Asset Class investments
There may be a better alternative to index returns And this adds up we believe to this simple and powerful statement: We believe: There may be a better alternative to index returns.
Asset Class Fund Returns 10% 7.37 5.95 7.35 6.67 5.23 6.16 7.82 5.91 6.80 3.57 3.53 2.90 2.44 2.01 1.95 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% U.S. Large Cap U.S. Large Value U.S. Small Cap 5-Year Global Fixed International Large Value And here is the data to back that statement up. Dimensional Fund Advisors, a firm we use to build our asset class portfolios, a firm that has been managing asset class funds for the last three decades, performed not just against its Morningstar categories in a number of areas (and Morningstar includes both active and passive managers) but also how its funds have performed against their benchmark indices. These are five of the fund categories that feature prominently in most asset class investing portfolios. In the dark blue, the far left in each of those columns, is the performance of the DFA fund. In the middle is the Morningstar category average. And on the right of each of these columns is the benchmark. Let’s take U.S. large cap blend, the most liquid area of the market place. Dimensional’s fund in this area essentially tries to mimic the S&P 500. The only major thing they do differently is they don't trade securities when the S&P reconstitutes. They either buy or sell the stock early or they wait a little while. After their expense ratio for the last 10 years or so, they've added 2 basis points above the index, every year, just by doing that one thing. These little increases in returns compound over time. Dimensional Funds Morningstar Category Benchmark Annualized Returns % 2006 - 2015 Performance data shown represents past performance and is no guarantee of future results. Current performance may be higher or lower than the performance shown. The investment return and principal value of an investment will fluctuate so that an investor’s shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Total number of funds analyzed reflects oldest share class and funds reporting a 10-year annualized return for each respective Morningstar category. The indices are not available for direct investment; therefore, their performance does not reflect the expenses associated with the management of an actual portfolio. See “Appendix: Standardized Performance Data & Disclosures” to obtain complete information on performance, investment objectives, risks, advisory fees, and expenses of Dimensional’s funds. Sources: Dimensional Fund Advisors for Dimensional funds; Mutual fund universe statistical data provided by Morningstar, Inc.; MSCI data copyright MSCI 2016, all rights reserved.
Asset Class Investing Can Offer Lower overall costs Improved tax efficiency Increased diversification Better risk exposure to an asset class Potentially better long-term performance It is our opinion that compared to the average or typical mutual fund portfolio, asset class investing may offer Read slide
Two Portfolios… 100% S&P 500 Index 65/35 Portfolio 2% 65/35 Portfolio 17% 16% 15% 12% 14% 5% 4% 8% 7% Cash & Cash Alternatives Global Fixed Income Short-Term Fixed Income 1-3 Years U.S. Market U.S. Large Value U.S. Small Neutral International Large Value International Small Neutral Emerging Markets REITs Now, let's go back to that 30+ year plan we started with at the beginning and your overriding goal of not running out of money. You could just put all your money in a fund that tries to mimic the S&P 500, but you would be missing out on the potential benefits of a globally diversified Asset Class portfolio So let’s look at a portfolio built with asset class funds, in this case a moderate portfolio that is 65% equities and 35% fixed income, vs. the S&P 500. Your own situation, especially your goals and comfort with risk will determine what portfolio is right for you, but we are using this moderate portfolio since it is right in the middle between conservative and an aggressive, all equity portfolio. The S&P 500 Index (Standard & Poor’s 500 Index) is an unmanaged market value-weighted index of 500 stocks that are traded on the NYSE, AMEX and NASDAQ. The weightings make each company’s influence on the index performance directly proportional to that company’s market value.
Let’s Look at What Happened Since 2000… Allocation Annualized Return (2000-2015) Standard Deviation (2000-2015) S&P 500 Index 4.06 15.13 65/35 Allocation Mix 5.03 10.81 Source: Morningstar Direct 2016. Allocation is 100% S&P 500 TR, and 65/35 Mix represented by: 2% (Cash), 16% (DFA One Year Fixed Income DFIHX), 17% (DFA 5 Year Global DFGBX), 15% (DFA US Core Equity 1 DFEOX), 12% (DFA US Large Cap Value DFLVX), 8% (DFA US Small Cap DFSTX), 4% (DFA REIT DFREX), 14% (DFA Intl Value DFIVX), 7% (DFA Intl Small Cap DFISX), 5% (DFA Emerging Markets Value DFEVX). Allocation mix return is the weighted average return of the respective funds, rebalanced annually. The performance data quoted represents past performance. Past performance does not guarantee future results and principal value will fluctuate so that an investor's shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Current performance may be lower or higher than the performance information quoted. To obtain current month end performance information please call, toll free, 1-800-366-7266. Investing in mutual funds involve risks, including the loss of principal. Indexes are unmanaged baskets of securities that are not available for direct investment by investors. Index performance does not reflect the expenses associated with the management of an actual portfolio. Stock investing involves risk including loss of principal. Securities of small companies are often less liquid than those of large companies. As a result, small company stocks may fluctuate relatively more in price. International and emerging market investing involves special risks such as currency fluctuation and political instability, and may not be suitable for all investors. Bonds (fixed income) are subject to market and interest rate risk if sold prior to maturity. Bond values will decline as interest rate rises, issuer's creditworthiness declines, and are subject to availability and changes in price. REIT investments are subject to changes in economic conditions and real estate values, and credit and interest rate risks. Portfolio returns are after fund’s internal expenses and Loring Ward’s max investment management fee of 0.90%. Management fee may be lower depending on the assets under management. Portfolio performance does not reflect the deduction of any fees charged by an independent investment advisor or other service provider to an individual account. Such fees, if taken into consideration, will reduce the performance quoted above. And here is what happened from 2000 to 2015. This was one of the worst times to start investing in recent history. This period included two major market corrections as well as the Great Recession. Over this time period, a 65-35 asset class portfolio mix had an annualized rate of return around 5.03%. While the S&P 500 returned just 4.06% a year. And volatility was a lot less for the diversified portfolio as well.
Impact of a 5% Withdrawal $600,000 $400,000 $321,339 Portfolio Value $200,000 $0 $0 2000 2005 2010 2015 — 65/35 — S&P 500 Source: Morningstar Direct 2016. Hypothetical value of $500000 invested on January 1, 2000 and kept invested through December 31, 2015. Withdraw is 5% of initial hypothetical value ($25,000 of initial $500,000 starting value) taken out at start of each year, growing by 3% per year. Allocation is 100% S&P 500 TR, and 65/35 Mix represented by: 2% (Cash), 16% (DFA One Year Fixed Income DFIHX), 17% (DFA 5 Year Global DFGBX), 15% (DFA US Core Equity 1 DFEOX), 12% (DFA US Large Cap Value DFLVX), 8% (DFA US Small Cap DFSTX), 4% (DFA REIT DFREX), 14% (DFA Intl Value DFIVX), 7% (DFA Intl Small Cap DFISX), 5% (DFA Emerging Markets Value DFEVX). The performance data quoted represents past performance. Past performance does not guarantee future results and principal value will fluctuate so that an investor's shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Current performance may be lower or higher than the performance information quoted. To obtain current month end performance information please call, toll free, 1-800-366-7266. Investing in mutual funds involve risks, including the loss of principal. Indexes are unmanaged baskets of securities that are not available for direct investment by investors. Index performance does not reflect the expenses associated with the management of an actual portfolio. Stock investing involves risk including loss of principal. Securities of small companies are often less liquid than those of large companies. As a result, small company stocks may fluctuate relatively more in price. International and emerging market investing involves special risks such as currency fluctuation and political instability, and may not be suitable for all investors. Bonds (fixed income) are subject to market and interest rate risk if sold prior to maturity. Bond values will decline as interest rate rises, issuer's creditworthiness declines, and are subject to availability and changes in price. REIT investments are subject to changes in economic conditions and real estate values, and credit and interest rate risks. Portfolio returns are the weighted average returns of the respective funds, rebalanced annually. Actual rebalancing may be different. The portfolio allocations are based on a Loring Ward model portfolio, which may not be suitable for all investors. It may not reflect the impact material economic and market factors might have had on decision making if clients’ money were actually being managed at that time. The performance quoted reflects the reinvestment of dividends and capital gains distributions. Portfolio returns are after fund’s internal expenses and Loring Ward’s max investment management fee of 0.90%. Management fee may be lower depending on the assets under management. Portfolio performance does not reflect the deduction of any fees charged by an independent investment advisor or other service provider to an individual account. Such fees, if taken into consideration, will reduce the performance quoted above. But since many portfolios are meant to help fund investor’s retirements, we need to consider the impact of periodic withdrawals. Let’s look at the same portfolio vs. the S&P 500, also from 2000-2015. But in this case, let’s consider a newly retired 65-year-old couple withdraw 5% of the initial hypothetical value ($25,000 of initial $500,000 starting value) taken out at the start of each year, growing by 3% per year. Again, we picked the beginning of the lost decade in 2000 to show you what would have happened if you’d invested and retired (and started taking income) at one of the worst periods in modern times. As you can see the 65/35 was worth over $300,000 while the S&P ran out of money. And keep in mind, $503,922 was also withdrawn as income from the portfolio…more than was initially invested.
1 & 30 = ? When it comes down to it, we think there are two numbers that matter above all else: 1 and 30. You may only have 1 chance to put together a plan to last you 30 or more years in retirement. You can't keep changing your mind or give way to short-term emotions or constantly alter the way you invest. You need to have an investment approach you can believe in, one based on research, analysis and evidence—not prognostication. And we believe you should work with a financial advisor who can help keep you on track.
Make sure you have the highest probability of capturing market returns 1 & 30 = ? Because you can't control the market, you should make sure you have the highest probability of capturing market returns – which gives you the highest probability of being able to achieve your long-term plan and realize your most deeply held goals.
Questions When it comes down to it, we think there are two numbers that matter above all else: 1 and 30. You may only have 1 chance to put together a plan to last you 30 or more years in retirement. You can't keep changing your mind or give way to short-term emotions or constantly alter the way you invest. You need to have an investment approach you can believe in, one based on research, analysis and evidence—not prognostication. And we believe you should work with a financial advisor who can help keep you on track.
Standardized Performance Data and Disclosures Average Annual Total Returns (%) 3 Mo 1 Yr 5 Yr 10 Yr Since Inception S&P 500 TR 7.04 1.38 12.57 7.31 10.48 1/30/1970 Prospectus Gross Expense Ratio (%)* DFA One-Year Fixed-Income 0.17 -0.14 0.31 0.49 1.93 4.85 7/25/1983 DFA Five-Year Global Fixed-Income 0.27 -0.60 1.45 2.62 3.57 5.52 11/6/1990 DFA US Core Equity 1 I 0.19 4.91 -1.35 11.59 7.37 7.39 9/15/2005 DFA US Large Cap Value I 0.37 5.15 -3.49 12.00 6.67 9.85 2/19/1993 DFA US Small Cap I 2.71 -3.29 10.49 7.82 10.26 3/19/1992 Data as of 12/31/15. *The Advisor has contractually agreed to waive certain fees, including management fees, and in certain instances, assume certain expenses of the Portfolios. The Fee Waiver and/or Expense Assumption Agreement for the Portfolios will remain in effect through February 28, 2015, and may not be terminated by the Advisor prior to that date. The performance data quoted represents past performance. Past performance does not guarantee future results and principal value will fluctuate so that an investor's shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Current performance may be lower or higher than the performance information quoted. To obtain current month end performance information please call, toll free, 1-800-366-7266. Investing in mutual funds involve risks, including the loss of principal. Portfolio returns are the weighted average returns of the respective funds, rebalanced annually. Actual rebalancing may be different. The portfolio allocations are based on a Loring Ward model portfolio, which may not be suitable for all investors. It may not reflect the impact material economic and market factors might have had on decision making if clients’ money were actually being managed at that time. The performance quoted reflects the reinvestment of dividends and capital gains distributions. Portfolio returns are after fund’s internal expenses and Loring Ward’s max investment management fee of 0.90%. Management fee may be lower depending on the assets under management. Portfolio performance does not reflect the deduction of any fees charged by an independent investment advisor or other service provider to an individual account. Such fees, if taken into consideration, will reduce the performance quoted above. The model performance information reflects various allocation changes made over time. Therefore the underlying mutual funds used in calculating the portfolio performance may not represent the trailing returns of portfolios and/or the mutual funds currently available. Stock investing involves risk including loss of principal. Securities of small companies are often less liquid than those of large companies. As a result, small company stocks may fluctuate relatively more in price. International and emerging market investing involves special risks such as currency fluctuation and political instability, and may not be suitable for all investors. Bonds (fixed income) are subject to market and interest rate risk if sold prior to maturity. Bond values will decline as interest rate rises, issuer's creditworthiness declines, and are subject to availability and changes in price. REIT investments are subject to changes in economic conditions and real estate values, and credit and interest rate risks.
Prospectus Gross Expense Ratio (%)* Standardized Performance Data and Disclosures Average Annual Total Returns (%) 3 Mo 1 Yr 5 Yr 10 Yr Since Inception S&P 500 TR 7.04 1.38 12.57 7.31 10.48 1/30/1970 Prospectus Gross Expense Ratio (%)* DFA Real Estate Securities 0.19 7.14 3.24 11.93 7.16 10.35 1/5/1993 DFA International Value I 0.63 2.85 -6.31 0.79 2.44 5.89 2/15/1994 DFA International Small Company I 0.53 5.28 5.91 4.94 5.18 6.74 9/30/1996 DFA Emerging Markets Value I 0.65 -1.01 -18.77 -7.89 3.71 9.16 4/1/1998 65/35 Allocation Mix DFA Funds 0.34 2.18 -2.74 4.58 4.37 6.11 10/1/1996 Data as of 12/31/15. *The Advisor has contractually agreed to waive certain fees, including management fees, and in certain instances, assume certain expenses of the Portfolios. The Fee Waiver and/or Expense Assumption Agreement for the Portfolios will remain in effect through February 28, 2015, and may not be terminated by the Advisor prior to that date. The performance data quoted represents past performance. Past performance does not guarantee future results and principal value will fluctuate so that an investor's shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Current performance may be lower or higher than the performance information quoted. To obtain current month end performance information please call, toll free, 1-800-366-7266. Investing in mutual funds involve risks, including the loss of principal. Portfolio returns are the weighted average returns of the respective funds, rebalanced annually. Actual rebalancing may be different. The portfolio allocations are based on a Loring Ward model portfolio, which may not be suitable for all investors. It may not reflect the impact material economic and market factors might have had on decision making if clients’ money were actually being managed at that time. The performance quoted reflects the reinvestment of dividends and capital gains distributions. Portfolio returns are after fund’s internal expenses and Loring Ward’s max investment management fee of 0.90%. Management fee may be lower depending on the assets under management. Portfolio performance does not reflect the deduction of any fees charged by an independent investment advisor or other service provider to an individual account. Such fees, if taken into consideration, will reduce the performance quoted above. The model performance information reflects various allocation changes made over time. Therefore the underlying mutual funds used in calculating the portfolio performance may not represent the trailing returns of portfolios and/or the mutual funds currently available. Stock investing involves risk including loss of principal. Securities of small companies are often less liquid than those of large companies. As a result, small company stocks may fluctuate relatively more in price. International and emerging market investing involves special risks such as currency fluctuation and political instability, and may not be suitable for all investors. Bonds (fixed income) are subject to market and interest rate risk if sold prior to maturity. Bond values will decline as interest rate rises, issuer's creditworthiness declines, and are subject to availability and changes in price. REIT investments are subject to changes in economic conditions and real estate values, and credit and interest rate risks.
Standardized Performance Data and Disclosures Benchmarks: Global Bonds/DFA Five-Year Global Fixed-Income - Citigroup World Government Bond Index 1-5 Years (hedged) U.S. Large Cap/DFA US Large Company Portfolio - Russell 3000 USD U.S. Value Stocks /DFA US Large Cap Value - Russell 1000 Value Index U.S. Small Company Stocks /DFA US Small Cap - Russell 2000 Index International Developed Value /DFA International Large Value - MSCI World ex US Value Index Morningstar categories are based on Morningstar’s methodology which classifies funds based on their investment styles, market capitalization and asset mix as measured by their underlying portfolio holdings over the past three years. Dimensional Fund Advisors is an investment advisor registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is unaffiliated with LWI Financial Inc. Consider the investment objectives, risks, charges and expenses of the funds listed carefully before investing. The prospectus and if available, summary prospectus, contain this and other information about the funds. To obtain a DFA Funds prospectus, summary prospectus, additional information about the DFA Funds, or performance data current to the most recent month-end, please call Dimensional Fund Advisors collect at 512-306-7400; or visit www.dimensional.com. Please read the prospectus and summary prospectus carefully before investing.