Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 1

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 2

Water Efficiency (WE) Overview The Water Efficiency (WE) category addresses efficiency and reduction of potable water for: Indoor use Outdoor use Specialized uses Metering Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 3

Water Efficiency (WE) Overview Potable Water - water that meets or exceeds U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking water quality standards (or a local equivalent outside the U.S.) and is approved for human consumption by the state or local authorities having jurisdiction; it may be supplied from wells or municipal water systems. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 4

On-site Non-potable Water Use Water Efficiency (WE) Overview On-site Non-potable Water Use Collection, treatment, and reuse of alternative water supplies. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 5

Alternative Water Sources Available On-site Water Efficiency (WE) Overview Alternative Water Sources Available On-site Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 6

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 7

Key Water Quality Parameters Water Efficiency (WE) Overview Key Water Quality Parameters pH is a measure of the acidic or basic (alkaline) nature of a solution. pH can be used to gauge wastewater treatment efficacy and the corrosion potential of the water in the distribution system. Total Suspended Solids (TSS) is a measurement of total solid materials, both organic and inorganic, that are suspended in water and one of the main indicators of the quantity of pollutants present. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are emitted as gases from certain solids or liquids. VOCs include a variety of chemicals, some of which may have short- and long-term adverse health effects. Total Coliform or E. Coli are indicators of microbial contamination (bacteria and viruses). UV, chlorine, and ozone disinfection are highly effective at removing microbes and the associated public health risk. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 8

Key Water Quality Parameters Water Efficiency (WE) Overview Key Water Quality Parameters Carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD) is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by biological organisms in a body of water in which the contribution from nitrogenous bacteria has been suppressed. CBOD can be used to gauge the effectiveness of biological wastewater treatment. Turbidity is a measure of water clarity and is a useful indicator of the likelihood that the water may be contaminated with pathogens. Filtration processes are highly effective at removing turbidity. Chlorine residual in the water indicates that: 1) a sufficient amount of chlorine was added to inactivate bacteria and some viruses; and, 2) the water is protected from recontamination during storage. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 9

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 10

Water Efficiency Goals Water Efficiency (WE) Overview Water Efficiency Goals Infiltrate rainwater on site to recharge the local aquifer. Use water more efficiently. Reduce the buildings water demand from indoor water (used by fixtures, appliances, and processes, such as cooling), and irrigation water. Install building level water meter and submeters to track consumption and identify issues. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 11

Helpful Documentation Water Efficiency (WE) Overview Helpful Documentation Site plans: Plans are used to document the location and size of vegetated areas and the locations of meters and submeters. Within the building, floorplans show the location of fixtures, appliances, and process water equipment (e.g., cooling towers, evaporative condensers), as well as indoor submeters. The same documentation can be used in credits in the Sustainable Sites category. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 12

Water Efficiency (WE) Overview Fixture cutsheets: Projects must document their fixtures (and appliances as applicable) using fixture cutsheets or manufacturers’ literature. This documentation is used in the Indoor Water Use Reduction prerequisite and credit. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 13

Water Efficiency (WE) Overview Alternative water sources: A project that includes graywater reuse, rainwater harvesting, municipally supplied wastewater (purple pipe water), or other reused sources is eligible to earn credit in: WE Credit Outdoor Water Use Reduction WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction WE Credit Cooling Tower Water Use, and WE Credit Water Metering. But the team cannot apply the same water to multiple credits unless the water source has sufficient volume to cover the demand of all the uses (e.g., irrigation plus toilet-flushing demand). Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 14

Water Efficiency (WE) Overview Occupancy calculations: The Indoor Water Use Reduction prerequisite and credit require projections based on occupants’ usage. The Location and Transportation and Sustainable Sites categories also use project occupancy calculations. Review the occupancy section in Getting Started to understand how occupants are classified and counted. Also see WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction for additional guidance specific to the WE section. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 15

Water Efficiency (WE) Indoor Water Use Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 16

Water Efficiency (WE) Outdoor Water Use Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 17

Water Efficiency (WE) 30% 20% 50% 100% Overview 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% ≥55% Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 18

Intent WE Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Intent To reduce outdoor water consumption. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 19

Requirements WE Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Requirements Reduce outdoor water use through one of the following options. Exclude - non-vegetated surfaces, including permeable and impermeable pavement. Include - vegetated playgrounds, athletic fields, food gardens, and urban agricultural areas at project’s discretion. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 20

Option 1. No Irrigation Required WE Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Option 1. No Irrigation Required Permanent irrigation not required beyond a maximum two-year establishment period. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 21

Option 2. Reduced Irrigation WE Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Option 2. Reduced Irrigation 30% reduction from baseline for site’s peak watering month. Reduction attributed to: Plant species selection Irrigation system efficiency Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) WaterSense Water Budget Tool. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 22

Additional Information to Consider WE Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Additional Information to Consider Native, adapted, drought-tolerate plants. Require less fertilizer and fewer chemical pesticides. Projects with no landscape area are exempt from this prerequisite. WaterSense Water Budget Tool automatically derives rainfall and evapotranspiration (ETo) in inches per month for the critical month of the year, based on the project’s zip code. Minimize the use of turf (athletic playing fields). Artificial turf may not count. No credit is given for alternative water sources in this prerequisite. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 23

xeriscaping landscaping that does not require routine irrigation. WE Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC xeriscaping landscaping that does not require routine irrigation. http://epa.gov/watersense/outdoor/what_to_plant.html Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 24

WE Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC ETo, a measurement of water lost from a well maintained expanse of average-height green grass and the surrounding soil, varies with a location’s sunshine, wind, humidity, and temperature. Hot, dry, and windy locations have higher ETo values than cool, humid locations. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 25

WE Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Cooling tower blowdown the water discharged from a cooling tower typically because increased salinity or alkalinity has caused scaling. Cooling tower blowdown may be too saline for use in landscape irrigation. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 26

Example: Rockville, Maryland WE Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Example: Rockville, Maryland The location is a typical suburban community in Maryland. Its zip code is 20852. The team uses the EPA WaterSense Water Budget Data Finder: Enter Zip Code: 20852 Peak Month: Jun ETo Value: 6.27 inches/month Rainfall: 3.10 inches/month Access the EPA Interactive Water Budget Tool: http://www.epa.gov/watersense/water_budget/application.html Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 27

WE Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 28

WE Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 29

WE Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 30

WE Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 31

Example: Rockville, Maryland WE Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Example: Rockville, Maryland The landscape water allowance (30% below baseline minimum) equals 43,771 gallons a month. The LWR for this design in this location is 16,873 gallons a month. The total savings from the baseline amounts to 73%. Since only 30% is required to meet the prerequisite, the project easily achieves compliance. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 32

Intent WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Intent To reduce indoor water consumption. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 33

Requirements WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Requirements Building Water Use 20% reduction from baseline for fixtures and fitting shown in Table 1. All newly installed toilets, urinals, private lavatory faucets, and showerheads that are eligible for labeling must be WaterSense labeled. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 34

WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Table 1. Baseline water consumption of fixtures and fittings Fixture or fitting Baseline (IP units) Toilet (water closet)* 1.6 gpf Urinal* 1.0 gpf Public lavatory (restroom) faucet 0.5 gpm at 60 psi all others except private applications Private lavatory faucet 2.2 gpm at 60 psi Kitchen faucet (excluding faucets used exclusively for filling operations) Showerhead* 2.5 gpm at 80 psi per shower stall *WaterSense label available for this product type gpf = gallons per flush gpm = gallons per minute psi = pounds per square inch Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 35

Appliance and Process Water Use WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Appliance and Process Water Use Install appliances, equipment, and processes within the project scope that meet the requirements listed in the tables below. Table 2. Standards for appliances Appliance Requirement Residential Clothes Washer ENERGY STAR or performance equivalent Commercial Clothes Washer CEE Tier 3A Residential Dishwasher (standard and compact) Prerinse spray valve  ≤ 1.3 gpm Ice machine ENERGY STAR or performance equivalent and use either air-cooled or closed-loop cooling, such as chilled or condenser water system Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 36

WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Table 3. Standards for processes Process Requirement Heat rejection and cooling No once-through cooling with potable water for any equipment or appliances that reject heat Cooling towers and evaporative condensers Equip with makeup water meters conductivity controllers and overflow alarms efficient drift eliminators that reduce drift to maximum of 0.002% of recirculated water volume for counterflow towers and 0.005% of recirculated water flow for cross-flow towers Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 37

Healthcare, Retail, Schools, and Hospitality Only WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction S, R, HOS, HC Healthcare, Retail, Schools, and Hospitality Only In addition, water-consuming appliances, equipment, and processes must meet the requirements listed in Tables 4 and 5. Table 4. Standards for appliances Kitchen equipment Requirement (IP units)  Dishwasher Undercounter ≤ 1.6 gal/rack Stationary, single tank, door ≤ 1.4 gal/rack Single tank, conveyor ≤ 1.0 gal/rack Multiple tank, conveyor ≤ 0.9 gal/rack Flight machine ≤ 180 gal/hour  Food Steamer Batch ≤ 6 gal/hour/pan Cook-to-order ≤ 10 gal/hour/pan  Combination Oven Countertop or stand ≤ 3.5 gal/hour/pan Roll-in Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 38

WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction S, R, HOS, HC Table 5. Process requirements Process Requirement Discharge water temperature tempering Where local requirements limit discharge temperature of fluids into drainage system, use tempering device that runs water only when equipment discharges hot water OR Provide thermal recovery heat exchanger that cools drained discharge water below code-required maximum discharge temperatures while simultaneously preheating inlet makeup water If fluid is steam condensate, return it to boiler Venturi-type flow-through vacuum generators or aspirators Use no device that generates vacuum by means of water flow through device into drain Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 39

Additional Information to Consider WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Additional Information to Consider The WaterSense label was developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to identify these efficient fixtures and ensure that higher efficiency does not come at the cost of performance. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 40

Additional Information to Consider WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Additional Information to Consider Alternative or nonpotable water sources that offset potable water demand are addressed in the corresponding credit. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 41

Additional Information to Consider WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Additional Information to Consider Using aerators is an acceptable water savings strategy. Newly installed aerators or flow restrictors added to private lavatories or showers must be WaterSense labeled. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 42

Additional Information to Consider WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Additional Information to Consider Duration-based savings from autocontrol faucets with automatic fixture sensors or metering controls are no longer allowed in the design case. Studies have shown that autocontrol faucets do not save water because users frequently reactivate the faucet after initial use or stop washing before the cycle ends. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 43

WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Sinks can be defined as public, private, kitchen, or process, depending on use and location. Ice machines that are ineligible for the ENERGY STAR label—for example, ice machines within refrigerators—do not need to comply with the prerequisite requirement. Describe the cooling tower or evaporative condenser system, and address the meters, controllers, alarms, and features indicated in the credit requirements. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 44

Compliance Path 1 WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Compliance Path 1 Compliance is documented through product cutsheets or fixture schedules. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 45

WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Table 6. Maximum installed flush or flow rates for prescriptive path Fixture or fitting Maximum installed flush or flow rate Threshold below code baseline Toilet (water closet)* 1.28 gpf 20% Urinal* 0.50 gpf 50% Public lavatory (restroom) faucet 0.40 gpm Private lavatory faucets* 1.50 gpm 32% Kitchen faucet 1.75 gpm Showerhead 2.00 gpm * The WaterSense label is available for this fixture type. **The average flush rate for dual-flush toilets must be calculated as the average flush volume of one full flush and two reduced flushes, using a 1:2 (high flush:low flush) ratio. gpf = gallons per flush gpm = gallons per minute Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 46

Compliance Path 2 WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Compliance Path 2 Usage-Based Calculation is for projects that cannot demonstrate the 20% reduction for each fixture, based on manufacturers’ documentation. Using the indoor water use calculator provided by USGBC, the project team must perform calculations to show that, in aggregate, the fixtures comply with prerequisite requirements. Projects pursuing points under WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction must use this compliance path. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 47

Indoor Water Use Calculator Requires: WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Indoor Water Use Calculator Requires: Project occupancy - Count occupants consistently across all LEED credits. Gender ratio - The default gender mix is half male and half female (50:50). Days of operation - The default number of days of operation per year is 365. Fixture types used in the project. Note: Gender ratio affects water usage only when urinals are installed. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 48

WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 49

Excluded Water-Using Equipment WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Excluded Water-Using Equipment Appliances and equipment that use water on materials intended for human consumption may be excluded: Bread and produce misters Soda machines Coffee-making machines Fixtures used to fill sinks for washing produce Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 50

Process water sink fixtures that are excluded: WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Process water sink fixtures that are excluded: Specialized Janitor sinks Laboratory sinks regulated for medical or industrial purposes Commercial kitchens (food service) Commercial kitchen (food service) sinks and prep sinks, including pot filling sinks, wash-down, and cleaning sinks Health care Surgical scrub sinks Exam or procedure room sinks for clinical use Medication room sinks General Janitor closet sinks Soiled utility room flushing rim sinks Soiled utility room hand-washing sinks Clean utility room hand-washing sinks Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 51

WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 52

WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 53

Project Variations WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Project Variations Core and Shell Include only plumbing fixtures, appliances, and process water installed as a part of the Core and Shell project’s scope of work. If no eligible plumbing fixtures, appliances, and process water are installed as part of the Core and Shell project scope of work, the project automatically achieves this prerequisite. Schools For K–12 schools that close on weekends, holidays, and for eight weeks of school vacation, assume 195 days of operation. Mixed-Use Separate calculation if the spaces use different fixtures or have dramatically different patterns of occupancy. Additions Include all fixtures within the project boundary Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 54

WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 55

Intent WE Prerequisite Building-Level Water Metering NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Intent To support water management and identify opportunities for additional water savings by tracking water consumption. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 56

Requirements WE Prerequisite Building-Level Water Metering NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Requirements Building Water Use Install permanent water meters that measure the total potable water use for the building and associated grounds. Meter data must be compiled into monthly and annual summaries; meter readings can be manual or automated. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 57

WE Prerequisite Building-Level Water Metering NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Commit to sharing with USGBC the resulting whole-project water usage data for a five-year period beginning on the date the project accepts LEED certification or typical occupancy, whichever comes first. This commitment must carry forward for five years or until the building changes ownership or lessee. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 58

Additional Information to Consider WE Prerequisite Building-Level Water Metering NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Additional Information to Consider Potable water end uses: Plumbing fixtures Cooling towers and evaporative condensers Laundering Dishwashing Indoor and outdoor water features Irrigation Exterior cleaning Manufacturing processes Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 59

Potable water sources that must be metered: WE Prerequisite Building-Level Water Metering NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Potable water sources that must be metered: Public water supply On-site well On-site potable water treatment system Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 60

WE Prerequisite Building-Level Water Metering NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC If all water comes from a public water supply and the utility’s water meter provides monthly consumption data, that system’s meter meets the prerequisite requirements. Project team may meet the prerequisite requirement by tracking water usage through monthly billing. Begin tracking water use when the project achieves LEED certification or at occupancy, whichever occurs first. Metering and data collection are the same for Core and Shell projects. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 61

Multifamily Residential WE Prerequisite Building-Level Water Metering NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Multifamily Residential Either use a whole-building meter or, provided all potable water uses are accounted for, aggregate data from submeters for each unit and common spaces. Additions A single meter that covers both old and new portions of the building may be installed, but submetering for the addition is encouraged. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 62

Intent WE Credit Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Intent To reduce outdoor water consumption. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 63

Requirements WE Credit Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Requirements Reduce outdoor water use through one of the following options. Nonvegetated surfaces, such as permeable or impermeable pavement, should be excluded from landscape area calculations. Athletic fields and playgrounds (if vegetated) and food gardens may be included or excluded at the project team’s discretion. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 64

Option 1. No Irrigation Required WE Credit Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Option 1. No Irrigation Required Permanent irrigation not required beyond a maximum two-year establishment period. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 65

Option 2. Reduced Irrigation WE Credit Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Option 2. Reduced Irrigation 50% reduction (1 point) or 100% reduction (2 points) from baseline for site’s peak watering month. Additional reductions beyond 30% may be achieved using any combination of: Efficiency Alternative water sources Smart scheduling technologies (WaterSense labeled automatic 15% reduction) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) WaterSense Water Budget Tool. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 66

Additional Information to Consider WE Credit Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Additional Information to Consider Rainwater Harvesting from Roof Gallons per 1 inch of rain = Roof area in ft2 x 0.6 Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 67

Additional Reduction from Baseline for Smart Irrigation Controls WE Credit Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Additional Reduction from Baseline for Smart Irrigation Controls Count only irrigation controls whose smart-sensor technology meets the WaterSense criteria. These controls result in an additional 15% reduction that project teams can take from the baseline. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 68

Alternative Water Sources WE Credit Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Alternative Water Sources Reclaimed wastewater Graywater Swimming pool backwash filter Refrigeration system condensate Captured rainwater Stormwater and foundation drain water Steam system condensate Fluid cooler discharge Food steamer discharge Combination oven discharge Industrial process water Fire pump test water Municipally supplied treated wastewater Ice machine condensate Condensate and cooling tower blowdown in particular may have salinity levels precluding use for irrigation. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 69

Graywater WE Credit Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Graywater Untreated household wastewater from: Bathtubs Showers Bathroom wash basins Clothes-washers and Laundry tubs No Human Waste or Food Processing i.e. kitchen sinks and dishwashers Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 70

Intent WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Intent To reduce indoor water consumption. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 71

Requirements WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Requirements Further reduce fixture and fitting water use from the calculated baseline in WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction. Additional potable water savings can be earned above the prerequisite level using alternative water sources. Include fixtures and fittings necessary to meet the needs of the occupants. Some of these fittings and fixtures may be outside the project boundary. Points are awarded according to Table 1. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 72

WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Table 1. Points for reducing water use Percentage reduction Points (NC, CS, DC, WDC) Points (S, R, HOS, HC) 25% 1 30% 2 35% 3 40% 4 45% 5 50% 6 --- Exemplary performance: Achieve ≥55% water use reduction. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 73

Schools, Retail, Hospitality, and Healthcare only WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction S, R, HOS, HC Schools, Retail, Hospitality, and Healthcare only Meet the percentage reduction requirements shown in Table 1. AND Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 74

Appliance and Process Water WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction S, R, HOS, HC Appliance and Process Water Install equipment within the project scope that meets the minimum requirements in Table 2, 3, 4, or 5 . One point is awarded for meeting all applicable requirements in any one table. All applicable equipment listed in each table must meet the standard. Schools, Retail, and Healthcare projects can earn a second point for meeting the requirements of two tables. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 75

WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction S, R, HOS, HC To use Table 2, the project must process at least 120,000 lbs of laundry per year. * Based on equal quantities of heavy, medium, and light soil laundry. Table 2. Compliant commercial washing machines Washing machine Requirements (IP) On-premise, minimum capacity 2,400 lbs per 8-hour shift Maximum 1.8 gals per pound* Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 76

Requirement (IP units) WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction S, R, HOS, HC To use Table 3, the project must serve at least 100 meals per day of operation. Table 3. Standards for commercial kitchen equipment Kitchen equipment Requirement (IP units) Dishwasher Undercounter ENERGY STAR Stationary, single tank, door Single tank, conveyor Multiple tank, conveyor Flight machine Food Steamer Batch (no drain connection) ≤ 2 gal/hour/pan including condensate cooling water Cook-to-order (with drain connection) ≤ 5 gal/hour/pan including condensate cooling water Combination oven Countertop or stand ≤ 1.5 gal/hour/pan including condensate cooling water Roll-in Food waste disposer Disposer 3-8 gpm, full load condition, 10 minute automatic shutoff; or 1 gpm, no-load condition Scrap collector Maximum 2 gpm makeup water Pulper Strainer basket No additional water usage Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 77

To use Table 4, the project must be a medical or laboratory facility. WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction S, R, HOS, HC To use Table 4, the project must be a medical or laboratory facility. Table 4. Compliant laboratory and medical equipment Lab equipment Requirement (IP) Reverse-osmosis water purifier 75% recovery Steam sterilizer For 60-inch sterilizer, 6.3 gal/U.S. tray For 48-inch sterilizer, 7.5 gal/U.S. tray Sterile process washer 0.35 gal/US tray X-ray processor, 150 mm or more in any dimension Film processor water recycling unit Digital imager, all sizes No water use Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 78

WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction S, R, HOS, HC To use Table 5, the project must be connected to a municipal or district steam system that does not allow the return of steam condensate. Table 5. Compliant municipal steam systems Steam system Standard Steam condensate disposal Cool municipally supplied steam condensate (no return) to drainage system with heat recovery system or reclaimed water OR Reclaim and use steam condensate 100% recovery and reuse Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 79

Additional Information to Consider WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Additional Information to Consider Alternatives to Potable Water: Municipally supplied reclaimed water (“purple pipe” water) Graywater Rainwater Stormwater Treated seawater Condensate Foundation dewatering water Used process water Reverse osmosis reject water Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 80

Untreated Water Sources Ineligible WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Untreated Water Sources Ineligible Raw water from naturally occurring surface bodies of water: Streams Rivers Groundwater Well water Water discharged from an open-loop geothermal system Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 81

WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC When choosing alternative sources of water, target the uses that require the least treatment first. In most cases, water can be reused outside the building (for irrigation) or inside (for toilet flushing) with minimal treatment, but other uses will require more energy-intensive treatment. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 82

WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC process water water that is used for industrial processes and building systems, such as cooling towers, boilers, and chillers. It can also refer to water used in operational processes, such as dishwashing, clothes washing, and ice making. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 83

Core and Shell WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Core and Shell Include in the credit documentation all plumbing fixtures necessary to meet the occupants’ needs whether they will be installed as part of the project’s scope of work or not. A project team may earn credit for the efficiency of not-yet-installed future plumbing fixtures by submitting a legally binding tenant sales or lease agreement. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 84

Intent WE Credit Cooling Tower Water Use NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Intent To conserve water used for cooling tower makeup while controlling microbes, corrosion, and scale in the condenser water system. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 85

Requirements WE Credit Cooling Tower Water Use NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Requirements For cooling towers and evaporative condensers, conduct a one-time potable water analysis, measuring at least the five control parameters listed in Table 1. Calculate the number of cooling tower cycles by dividing the maximum allowed concentration level of each parameter by the actual concentration level of each parameter found in the potable makeup water. Limit cooling tower cycles to avoid exceeding maximum values for any of these parameters. Table 1. Maximum concentrations for parameters in condenser water Parameter Maximum level Ca (as CaCO3) 1000 ppm Total alkalinity SiO2 100 ppm Cl- 250 ppm Conductivity 2000 μS/cm Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 86

WE Credit Cooling Tower Water Use NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Table 2. Points for cooling tower cycles Parameter Points Maximum number of cycles achieved without exceeding any filtration levels or affecting operation of condenser water system (up to maximum of 10 cycles) 1  Achieve a minimum 10 cycles by increasing the level of treatment in condenser or make-up water OR Meet the minimum number of cycles to earn 1 point and use a minimum 20% recycled nonpotable water 2 Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 87

Additional Information to Consider b NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Additional Information to Consider To prevent buildup of deposits, cooling tower and evaporative condenser systems remove a portion of the water through a process called blowdown. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 88

WE Credit Cooling Tower Water Use NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Makeup water is then added to replace evaporative losses and blowdown volume. Cooling towers can therefore account for large portions of a building’s total water use. Increasing the number of cycles can save thousands of gallons of potable water during a building’s peak cooling periods. Only projects served by cooling towers or evaporative condensers are eligible for this credit. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 89

Equation 1. Cooling tower cycles WE Credit Cooling Tower Water Use NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Equation 1. Cooling tower cycles Cycles of concentration = Acceptable maximum concentrations in condenser water Parameter concentrations in makeup water Limiting factor: Identify which concentration parameter has the fewest calculated cycles before it exceeds the maximum concentration. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 90

Cycles of Concentration WE Credit Cooling Tower Water Use NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Cycles of Concentration Cycles of concentration are the number of times that a volume of water can circulate through a cooling tower system before dissolved minerals become so concentrated (as water is lost to evaporation) that they precipitate and cause scaling—deposits that reduce the efficiency of the cooling system. A higher number of cycles indicates better water efficiency because less makeup water is required. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 91

Nonpotable Sources should have low levels of dissolved solids. WE Credit Cooling Tower Water Use NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Nonpotable Sources should have low levels of dissolved solids. Good nonpotable water sources include the following: Air-conditioner condensate Rainwater Steam system condensate Food steamer discharge water Fire pump test water Ice machine condensate Other factors to consider are ease of transport to the cooling tower and required volume of makeup water. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 92

Intent WE Credit Water Metering NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Intent To support water management and identify opportunities for additional water savings by tracking water consumption. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 93

Requirements WE Credit Water Metering NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Requirements Install permanent water meters for two or more of the following water subsystems, as applicable to the project: Irrigation Meter water systems serving at least 80% of the irrigated landscaped area. Calculate the percentage of irrigated landscape area served as the total metered irrigated landscape area divided by the total irrigated landscape area. Landscape areas fully covered with xeriscaping or native vegetation that requires no routine irrigation may be excluded from the calculation. Indoor plumbing fixtures and fittings Meter water systems serving at least 80% of the indoor fixtures and fitting described in WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction, either directly or by deducting all other measured water use from the measured total water consumption of the building and grounds. Domestic hot water Meter water use of at least 80% of the installed domestic hot water heating capacity (including both tanks and on-demand heaters). Boiler with aggregated projected annual water use of 100,000 gallons or more, or boiler of more than 500,000 Btuh A single makeup meter may record flows for multiple boilers. Reclaimed water Meter reclaimed water, regardless of rate. A reclaimed water system with a makeup water connection must also be metered so that the true reclaimed water component can be determined. Other process water Meter at least 80% of expected daily water consumption for process end uses, such as humidification systems, dishwashers, clothes washers, pools, and other subsystems using process water. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 94

Healthcare Projects only WE Credit Water Metering HC Healthcare Projects only In addition to the requirements above, install water meters in any five of the following: purified water systems (reverse-osmosis, de-ionized); filter backwash water; water use in dietary department; water use in laundry; water use in laboratory; water use in central sterile and processing department; water use in physiotherapy and hydrotherapy and treatment areas; water use in surgical suite; closed-looped hydronic system makeup water; and cold-water makeup for domestic hot water systems. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 95

Additional Information to Consider WE Credit Water Metering NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Additional Information to Consider Metering water usage by subsystem helps facilities managers better gauge a building’s water efficiency. Cooling tower submeters are addressed separately, under WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction. Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study! Lorisweb.com 96