Introduction to Accounting and Business Chapter 1

Nature of Business and Accounting What is a business? What is accounting? What are the goals of a business?

The Role of Accounting in Business Goal of Accounting = Record, report, interpret financial data.

How might the role of accounting change in Types of Businesses Service Businesses Service Delta Air Lines Transportation services The Walt Disney Company Entertainment services Merchandising Businesses Product WalMart General merchandise Amazon.com Internet books, music, videos Manufacturing Businesses Product Ford Motor Company Cars, trucks, vans Dell Inc. Personal computers How might the role of accounting change in each type of business?

Individual Research: Go online, and quickly to research to develop a description of what the differences are among: Managerial accounting Financial accounting Cost accounting Be prepared to share what you learned.

Learning Objective 2 Summarize the development of accounting principles and relate them to practice.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Financial accountants follow generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in preparing reports. Within the U.S., the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has the primary responsibility for developing accounting principles.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), an agency of the U.S. government, has authority over the accounting and financial disclosures for companies whose shares of ownership (stock) are traded and sold to the public. Many countries outside the United States use generally accepted accounting principles adopted by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

Business Entity Concept Under the business entity concept, the activities of a business are recorded separately from the activities of its owners, creditors, or other businesses.

Proprietorship A proprietorship is owned by one individual. 70% of business entities in the U.S. are proprietorships. They are easy and inexpensive to organize. Resources are limited to those of the owner. Used by small businesses.

Partnership A partnership is similar to a proprietorship except that it is owned by two or more individuals. 10% of business organizations in the U.S. (combined with limited liability companies) are partnerships. Combines the skills and resources of more than one person.

Corporation A corporation is organized under state or federal statutes as a separate legal taxable entity. Generates 90% of business revenues. 20% of the business organizations in the U.S. Ownership is divided into shares, called stock. Can obtain large amounts of resources by issuing stock. Used by large businesses.

Limited Liability Company (LLC) A limited liability company (LLC) combines the attributes of a partnership and a corporation. 10% of business organizations in the U.S. (combined with partnerships). Often used as an alternative to a sole proprietorship or partnership. Has tax and legal liability advantages for owners.

Cost Concept Under the cost concept, amounts are initially recorded in the accounting records at their cost or purchase price.

Cost Concept Aaron Publishers purchased a building on February 20, 2012, for $150,000. Other amounts related to this purchased are shown on the next slide.

Cost Concept Price listed by seller on Jan. 1, 2012 $160,000 Aaron Publishers’ initial offer to buy on Jan. 31, 2012 140,000 Purchase price on Feb. 20, 2012 150,000 Estimated selling price on Dec. 31, 2014 220,000 Assessed value for property taxes, Dec. 31, 2014 190,000 Under the cost concept, Aaron Publishers records the purchase of the building on February 20, 2012, at the purchase price of $150,000. The other amounts listed above have no effect on the accounting records.

Objectivity Concept The objectivity concept requires that the amounts recorded in the accounting records be based on objective evidence (source document) Only the final agreed-upon amount is objective enough to be recorded in the accounting records.

Unit of Measure Concept The unit of measure concept requires that economic data be recorded in dollars.

Learning Objective 3 State the accounting equation and define each element of the equation

The Accounting Equation Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s Equity The resources owned by a business

The Accounting Equation Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s Equity The rights of creditors are the debts of the business

The Accounting Equation Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s Equity The rights of the owners

Learning Objective 4 Describe and illustrate how business transactions can be recorded in terms of the resulting change in the elements of the accounting equation

Business Transaction A business transaction is an economic event or condition that directly changes an entity’s financial condition or its results of operations.

Transaction A On November 1, 2013, Chris Clark deposited $25,000 in a bank account in the name of NetSolutions.

Transaction B On November 5, 2013, NetSolutions paid $20,000 for the purchase of land as a future building site.

Transaction C On November 10, 2013, NetSolutions purchased supplies for $1,350 and agreed to pay the supplier in the near future.

Transaction C The liability created by a purchase on account is called an account payable. Items such as supplies that will be used in the business in the future are called prepaid expenses, which are assets.

Transaction D On November 18, 2013, NetSolutions received cash of $7,500 for providing services to customers. A business earns money by selling goods or services to its customers. This amount is called revenue.

Transaction D Revenue from providing services is recorded as fees earned. Revenue from the sale of merchandise is recorded as sales. Other examples of revenue include rent, which is recorded as rent revenue, and interest, which is recorded as interest revenue. An account receivable is a claim against a customer, which is an asset.

Transaction E During the month, NetSolutions spent cash or used up other assets in earning revenue. Assets used in this process of earning revenue are called expenses.

Transaction E On November 30, 2013, NetSolutions paid the following expenses: wages, $2,125; rent, $800; utilities, $450; and miscellaneous, $275.

On November 30, 2013, NetSolutions paid creditors on account, $950. Transaction F On November 30, 2013, NetSolutions paid creditors on account, $950.

Transaction G On November 30, 2013, Chris Clark determined that the cost of supplies on hand at the end of the period was $550.

Transaction H On November 30, 2013, Chris Clark withdrew $2,000 from NetSolutions for personal use.

Summary

Exercises to Complete: Class Exercises: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 Homework Exercises: 12, 13