New Data Access Arrangements – The Experiences in Germany Stefan Bender (Deutsche Bundesbank) Claudia Oellers (German Data Forum) Cross National Research Data: Access, Legality, Ethics and Opportunities 19th December, 2016, London The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Deutsche Bundesbank or the Eurosystem.

THX to Filipa Lima

1.1 Data Access in Germany: Historical Development Where do we come from? The German Data Forum was established by the Federal Government Research Data Centers 30 accredited Bottom-up initiative of the research community and data producers The first research data centers were established Access to official statistics was virtually impossible, or very costly 1990s 1998 2001 2004 2016

1.2 German Data Forum: Key Facts Advisory council to the federal government 16 members: 8 data producers / 8 data users from research, own office. Development of a research data infrastructure for the social, behavioral, and economic sciences Accreditation of 30 research data centers Facilitating access to high-quality data Result of independent initiatives from within the scientific community

1.3 Two Pillars of Activities Advising Networking Scientific advisory of policy makers Influencing relevant legislation Representing the interests and needs of the social, behavioral, and economic science National and international networking of infrastructures Development and improvement of the research infrastructure Accreditation and harmonization of research data centers

1.4 Current Agenda Scientific policy advising on the Census 2021 and the European General Data Protection Regulation according to research needs Data protection and research ethics Expanding research data access in critical areas (education, health, refugees) Accreditation of new data centers International coordination and cooperation activities with the UK Data Forum, Research Data Alliance (RDA)

1.5 Accreditation of RDC Data Producers Survey studies Quality assurance, standardization Identify and communicate data needs Data Producers Survey studies Official statistics Data users Research Data Center Research ethics, data protection Mediation of different interests

1.6 30 RDCs accredited by the German Data Forum

2.1 Factsheet on the RDSC of the Bundesbank The RDSC has started in 2014 as part of the Statistics Department of the Bundesbank. The RDSC offers access for non-commercial research to (highly sensitive) micro data of the Bundesbank for free! Over 100 new projects in 2016. 14 employees (in 2017 at least 18). 12 working places for guest researchers.

Monetary Financial Institutions (Banks) 2.2 Microdata Structure at Deutsche Bundesbank I What treasures does the Bundesbank hide? Monetary Financial Institutions (Banks) Companies Securities Households

2.3 Microdata Structure at Deutsche Bundesbank II

3.1 RDC of the Federal Employment Agency The RDC of the Federal Employment Agency in the Institute for Employment Research (IAB) offers access for non-commercial research to (highly sensitive) admin data (social security records), surveys and their linkages for free. Access thru 2 sites in the UK and 6 sites in the US. Remote Access via JoSuA (Job Submission Application) with Two modes of output: internal use or publication mode, Internal use mode is treated like a microdata use.

3.2 Microdata Structure at the IAB BIG DATA

Session on Best practice: access to big data in Europe 4.1 Workshop: Big Data in Social and Economic Research (2/3 Nov. 2016 in Duesseldorf) Session on Best practice: access to big data in Europe The Consumer Data Research Centre ((UK) Institute for Analytics and Data Science (UK) Center for Big Data Statistics at CBS (Statistics Netherlands) RDC of the RWI - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research (Germany) Deutsche Bundesbank (Germany) ESS & Eurostat

4.2 Results of the Workshop Access to big data from private-sector companies will require data partnerships based on an incentive system. Need for investment in building a capable scientific big data infrastructure (cf. UK). Access should be needs-based. Public relations work to ensure trustworthiness. Need for innovate and embrace computational methods. Training and education are key to raising a new generation of “data scientists”. Innovative research might also be able to attract private- sector companies.

5. New Developments: INEXDA G20 Data Gaps Initiative II, in particular recommendation 20, addressing the accessibility of granular data. 5 Central Banks have signed (or on the way) a MoU: France, Italy, Germany, Portugal and UK. More will join (incl. NSIs). The International Network of Exchanging Experiences on Statistical Handling of Granular Data (INEXDA): Experience exchange on statistical handling of granular data Framework for investigating possibilities to harmonise access procedures and metadata structures. Overall aim is to facilitate the international use of granular for analytical, research and comparative purposes.

6. “German Lessons” Development was/is fast, but incremental: trust building, growing data complexity, learning process … (New) skills for researchers / data producers. Engagement of researchers (value of data work?) needed. More efficiency needed: researcher passport, metadata system (with elements of tripadvisor, amazon), project management in a RDC, … Need for joined activities (Big Data Workshop). INEXDA will have impact: G20 meeting of Central Banks end of January. Expectation: in 2017 over 30 members in working group.

Information and Contact German Data Forum: http://www.ratswd.de/en/start Deutsche Bundesbank: http://www.bundesbank.de/rdsc IAB: http://fdz.iab.de/en.aspx Stefan Bender: stefan.bender@bundesbank.de Website: www.bundesbank.de/rdsc Contact: fdsz-data@bundesbank.de