China’s Earliest Civilization

Pre-Class Using pages 328 – 329 List how the Shang Dynasty began to shape the Chinese Civilization Government Religion Achievements 3 items for each

Achievements of the Shang Government: Dynastic Rule began with Xia Mythical (page 328) Mandate of Heaven – Zhou Dynasty Benefitted people strengthened rule Built palaces, temples, & royal burial sites Battled nomadic invaders Fought with wheeled chariots (Middle East?) Supervised irrigation & flood control projects

Mandate of Heaven: ancestors in heaven chose their leaders, granted right to rule loyalty was exchanged for good government like “Divine Right of Kings” in Western Europe

Achievements of the Shang Religion: Shang Di chief God Emperor served as the link between heaven & Earth to please the gods Heaven home to gods and spirits Priests used Oracle Bones to consult with ancestors (page 328) http://www.ancientchina.co.uk/writing/explore/intro.html - Oracle Bones website

Achievements of the Shang Developed their own form of writing Ideographs (characters): symbols to express ideas such as beauty, joy & justice Accurate calendar Bronze making Silk pottery

Random videos Silk Road 2:34 Inventions 2:31 Ask HISTORY: Can You See the Great Wall From Space? History of The Great Wall of China What makes the Great Wall of China so extraordinary

Three Chinese Schools of Thought & Buddhism Discovery Atlas: Short Stories: China Revealed Schools of Thought Overview Video The Zhou Dynasty in China: Lao Tzu & Confucius – Discovery Ed

Confucianism China’s best known philosopher Born around 551BC Developed ideas about how to restore peace and ensure harmony in Analects Taught 5 relationships must govern human society Hierarchy: any system of persons or things ranked above one another EASTERN PHILOSOPHY – Confucius Video 5:35

Confucianism Taught 5 relationships must govern human society: Ruler & ruled Father & son Older brother & younger brother Husband & wife Friend & friend

Confucianism The superior person should set the example for the inferior person Family and society should be placed above the individual Filial Piety: the duty and respect that children owe their parents

Confucianism Importance on Education Education shapes Chinese government Forbidden City Video 2:40 Civil Service Exam: merit (page 339 Exam Time) To ensure officials shared Confucius traditions and values - Han Confucian ideas spread & influenced cultures of Korea, Japan, & Vietnam

Daoism Founder of Daoism: Lao Zi Link between people and nature rather than the importance of proper behavior The Way of Virtue Dao means the way “Those who know the Dao do no speak of it; those who speak of it do not know it” Quote p. 331 EASTERN PHILOSOPHY - Lao Tzu video 5:29

Daoism Best Government few rules Yin and Yang (reading) Tai Chi Video 2:45 Daoism Fireworks 2:38 Yin and Yang (reading) Immortality Hungry Ghost (reading) Made advances in science and technology Astronomy Developed magnetic compass May have Invented gunpowder Influenced art Best Government few rules Rules artificial

Legalism Han Feizi- most famous Legalism writer The ruler alone possesses power wielding it like lightning and thunder Rejected Confucian ideas about proper behavior Harsh laws imposed by a strong leader would ensure order In 221 Qin emperor used to unite China Shi Huangdi (emperor) – video Devine Recognition Ascending the Throne – Qin’s Legacy

Han Feizi Great Wall Website Deconstructing the Wall What makes the Great Wall of China so extraordinary Shi Huangdi

Xian Tombs of Qin Dynasty The Terracotta Army or the "Terracotta Warriors and Horses" is a collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. Website – Video – Video (better)

Buddhism One of the few foreign influences to impact China - Han The three Chinese schools of thought dealt with life on Earth, Buddhism was the only one that offered an escape from suffering of Earthly life Promised salvation for the good and punishment for the wicked

Buddhism Buddhism blended with Chinese beliefs and values Chinese could accept diverse ideas Kung Fu

Similarities between Chinese Schools of Thought All offered ideas about how to build an orderly society