Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 4 Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms
Advertisements

Quantum Numbers.
Timberlake LecturePLUS 2000 Subshells and Orbitals.
Mini-Lessons The Atom.
LecturePLUS Timberlake1 Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements Electron Arrangement and Periodic Law.
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Elements are  pure substances that cannot be separated into simpler.
Electron Configuration
Atomic Number Number of Protons. Mass Number Number of Protons + Neutrons.
Anything in black letters = write it in your notes (‘knowts’)
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.1 Chapter 3 Atoms and Elements 3.6 Electron Energy Levels.
Nature of Light chapter s – 1900s Is Light a wave or a stream of particles.
LecturePLUS Timberlake1 Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements Electron Arrangement and Periodic Law.
Atomic Number Number of Protons. Mass Number Number of Protons + Neutrons.
M ODELS OF THE A TOM Beginning with Rutherford Section 7.5 The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom Return to TOC P ROBLEMS WITH R UTHERFORD ’ S M ODEL.
Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms Chapter 4. Section 4.1 Wave-Particle Nature of Light 1. Electromagnetic Radiation -a form of energy that exhibits wavelike.
Quantum Mechanics. Electron Density Gives the probability that an electron will be found in a particular region of an atom Regions of high electron density.
Chapter 3Atoms and Elements 3.6 Isotopes and Atomic Mass 1  24 Mg 25 Mg 26 Mg Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 4 Atoms and Elements Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
III Electron Structure AEnergy Levels Energy levels are distances from the nucleus where electrons can be found –there are 7 energy levels »1 st is the.
Quantum Model and Electron Configurations. Atomic Models:  Old version = Bohr’s  Also known as the planetary atomic model  Describes electron paths.
Electron Configuration. Objectives Describe the relationship between orbitals and energy levels for the electrons of an atom Describe the relationship.
Electron Arrangement Review Unit 3. NC Essential Standards Chm Analyze diagrams related to the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom in terms of allowed,
Quantum Mechanics. Electron Density Gives the probability that an electron will be found in a particular region of an atom Regions of high electron density.
Chapter 5 Review. Wave Nature of Light Wavelength- Wavelength- The distance between two consecutive peaks or troughs. Frequency- Frequency- The number.
1 Modern Atomic Theory. 2 In the Rutherford model electrons traveled about the nucleus in an orbit. The Problem with Rutherford Scientists know that just.
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION Why are ions more stable than some neutral atoms?
Modern Atomic Theory Electromagnetic Radiation Electromagnetic radiation – forms of radiant energy (light in all its varied forms) Electromagnetic.
Characteristics of atoms. Key features of atoms All atoms are electrically neutral All atoms of the same element contain the same number of protons and.
Chapter 5 - Electronic Structure and Periodic Trends
Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements
Electrons in Atoms.
Chapter 3 Atoms and Elements
Electron Arrangement Unit 3.
LT1: Electron Arrangement (Ch. 5)
Chapter 3 Atoms and Elements
Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms
LT1: Electron Arrangement (Ch. 5)
Basic Chemistry Chapter 5 Electronic Structure and Periodic Trends
Chapter 3 Atoms and Elements
Aim: How did Niels Bohr describe electrons in the atom?
Models of the atom & quantum theory
Electrons in Atoms Chapter 5.
Electrons orbit the nucleus only within allowed energy levels.
Electron Configurations
Lecture 2: Atoms and Elements
Electron Configurations & Quantum Numbers
Chapter 5 Electrons In Atoms 5.2 Electron Arrangement in Atoms
Number of Protons Atomic Number.
Electron Configurations
III. Periodic Trends (p )
Chapter 5 Electronic Structure and Periodic Trends
Lesson 18: Life on the Edge
Section 3: Modern Atomic Theory
Electron Configuration
Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements
12.2 Learning Goals Compare spectra of elements.
The structure of matter: Electron configurations
How can you express the arrangement of electrons in atoms through electron configurations? In an atom, electrons and the nucleus interact to make the most.
The Atom as we know it (via the Atomic Theory)
Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements
Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements
Chapter 3 Atoms and Elements
How are electrons organized around a nucleus?
Section 3: Modern Atomic Theory
III. Periodic Trends (p )
Give the symbol and number of protons in one atom of:
Subshells and Orbitals
Excited Gases & Atomic Structure
Electrons in Atoms Chapter 5.
Presentation transcript:

Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements Electron Arrangement and Periodic Law LecturePLUS Timberlake

Characteristics of Electrons Extremely small mass Located outside the nucleus Moving at extremely high speeds in a sphere Have specific energy levels LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Energy of Electrons When atoms are heated, bright lines appear called line spectra Electrons in atoms arranged in discrete levels. An electron absorbs energy to “jump” to a higher energy level. When an electron falls to a lower energy level, energy is emitted. LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Loss and Gain of Energy G a I n Loss LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Learning Check EA1 Answer with 1) Energy absorbed 2) Energy emitted 3) No change in energy A. What energy change takes place when an electron in a hydrogen atom moves from the first (n=1) to the second shell (n=2)? B. What energy change takes place when the electron moves from the third shell to the second shell? LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Solution EA1 A. 1) Energy absorbed B. 2) Energy emitted LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Bohr Model First model of the electron structure Gives levels where an electron is most likely to be found Incorrect today, but a key in understanding the atom LecturePLUS Timberlake

Describes the arrangement and space occupied by electrons in atoms Quantum Mechanics Describes the arrangement and space occupied by electrons in atoms LecturePLUS Timberlake

Electron Levels (Shells) Contain electrons that are similar in energy and distance from nucleus Low energy electrons are closest to the nucleus Identify by numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6….. The first shell (1) is lowest in energy, 2nd level next and so on 1<2<3<4 LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Number of Electrons Maximum number of electrons in any electron level = 2n2 n =1 2(1)2 = 2 n =2 2(2)2 = 8 n =3 2(3)2 = 18 LecturePLUS Timberlake

Order of Electron Filling All electrons in the same energy level have similar energy. Shell 1 2 electrons Shell 2 8 electrons Shell 3 18 electrons (8 first, later 10) Order of filling for the first 20 electrons Shell 1 2 3 4 2e 8e 8e 2e LecturePLUS Timberlake

Electron Configuration Lists the shells containing electrons Written in order of increasing energy Element Shell 1 2 3 He 2 C 2 4 F 2 7 Ne 2 8 Al 2 8 3 Cl 2 8 7 LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Learning Check EA2 A. The electron configuration for sulfur 1) 2,6 2) 8,2,6 3) 2, 8, 6 B. The element in period 3 with two electrons in the outermost energy level 1) Mg 2) Ca 3) Be LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Solution EA2 A. The electron configuration for sulfur 3) 2, 8, 6 B. The element in period 3 with two electrons in the outermost energy level 1) Mg LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Learning Check EA3 Indicate the number of electrons in the final notation of the electron configuration for each: A. O 1) 4 2) 6 3) 8 B. Al 1) 13 2) 3 3) 1 C. Cl 1) 2 2) 5 3) 7 LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Solution EA3 Indicate the number of electrons in the final notation of the electron configuration for each: A. O 2) 6 B. Al 2) 3 C. Cl 3) 7 LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Learning Check EA4 For phosphorus, indicate if each configuration is (1) correct or (2) incorrect. Explain why or why not? A. 2, 2, 8, 5 1 or 2 B. 2, 8, 3 1 or 2 C. 2, 8, 5 1 or 2 D. 2, 6, 7 1 or 2 LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Solution EA4 For phosphorus, indicate if each configuration is (1) correct or (2) incorrect. Explain why or why not? A. 2, 2, 8, 5 2 Shell 2 holds 8e- B. 2, 8, 3 2 P has 15 electrons C. 2, 8, 5 1 Correct arrangement D. 2, 6, 7 2 Shell 2 holds 8e- LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Periodic Law All the elements in a group have the same electron configuration in their outermost shells Example: Group 2 Be 2, 2 Mg 2, 8, 2 Ca 2, 2, 8, 2 LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Learning Check EA5 Specify if each pair has chemical properties that are similar (1) or not similar (2): A. Cl and Br B. 2 - 5 and 2 - 8 - 7 C. 2 - 4 and 2 - 8 - 4 D. P and S E. O and S LecturePLUS Timberlake

LecturePLUS Timberlake Solution EA5 Specify if each pair has chemical properties that are similar (1) or not similar (2): A. Cl and Br 1 B. 2 - 5 and 2 - 8 - 7 2 C. 2 - 4 and 2 - 8 - 4 1 D. P and S 2 E. O and S 1 LecturePLUS Timberlake