FINAL REVIEW Art Appreciation

What are the 7 elements of art? Define each element and identify them in a work of art.

7 Elements 1. Line: the path of a moving point that provides direction and detail. 2. Shape vs. Form: shapes are 2 dimensional. Forms are 3 dimensional. Forms occupy positive space and the surrounding area is called the negative space. 3. Mass: mass is solid. Volume is usually hollow. 4. Space: implied or real sensation of dimension. Space is shown in a variety of ways. 5. Texture: the tactile surface quality of work. This can be actual or visual. 6. Value: the light and dark range (white to black) 7. Color: Hues. Colors have a value as well as saturation and intensity.

What are the 5 principles of design? The elements of art can be present in the principles but they are NOT the same. For example: white dots that repeat create a pattern and rhythm. They have a light value and smooth texture. Because the eye can’t rest on one dot, the painting is afocal.

5 Principles 1. Balance: the equilibrium of the formal elements of art. There are 4 main categories. 2. Scale: the size of an object in relation to what is around it. Proportion is the size relationship of parts in one object or figure. 3. Unity: a coherent total effect of harmony. Variety is a visual counterpoint to unity. 4. Emphasis: where the viewer’s attention is drawn. The points of attention are called focal points. If there is no one resting point, the work is afocal. 5. Rhythm: the measured repetition of elements that move the eye. Pattern is a good example.

List as many elements and principles as you can see in this image This will be a long answer question on the final! (With a different image, of course.) Make sure that you know when the elements and principles are and can describe them in an image. Cindy Sherman, Untitled (Sun Tan), 2003

Types of Art What does ‘medium’ mean? What is its plural? DRAWING: What is the primary function of drawing? List dry media List wet media

DRAWING- the most basic and direct of all the art media Drawing is often used for a preliminary sketch to works that use more complicated and expensive media. Drawing has been used in illustration since ancient times, and still is today. Drawing was a way of recording the world around us before the invention of photography. This way of recording history and the world around us pre-dates written language. Drawing conveys information. It was used in making maps, studying anatomy, recording botanical plants, and much more. Dry Media: Metalpoint(specifically silverpoint), Chalk and Charcoal, Graphite, Pastel Wet Media: Pen and Ink, Wash and Brush

PRINTMAKING What is the primary function of printmaking? What are the 5 types of prints? What is an edition? What is the matrix? What is a monotype?

Printmaking Primary function: to make identical multiples of one image. As a commercial process, printmaking made things like books more affordable since they were able to be mass produced. 5 types: 1. Relief (Woodcuts, linocuts), 2. Intaglio (Engraving, etching, drypoint, mezzotint, aquatint), 3. Lithography (made on a stone), 4. Screenprinting, 5. Monotype Edition: An edition is the collection of the multiple impressions. Since the late 1800s, artists number their editions and sign them. Matrix: The surface upon which a design has been created, such as a plate. Monotype: Monotypes have much in common with painting and drawing. However, they are classified as printmaking because they use both a plate and a press to create the image. Unlike other printing processes, however, a monotype is a unique image. Once it is printed, it can never be printed again.

PAINTING What is paint made of? What different types of paint are there?

Painting Paint is a pigment in a binder. Pigment is a powder and provides color- examples are cadmium and cobalt. Encaustic: wax binder Oil: linseed oil binder Acrylic: plastic binder Watercolor: gum Arabic (tree sap) binder Tempera: egg binder Fresco: limewater binder, painted directly on wall or plaster

SCULPTURE What is sculpture? What are traditional sculpture materials? What are types of sculpture? What is assemblage? What does “in the round” mean?

Sculpture Uses visual elements of actual space and actual texture. Types of sculpture: Carving, modeling, casting, assemblage (construction), installation, earthworks Each type is either an additive process or subtractive process Traditional materials: bronze, stone, steel, wood Assemblage: the artist brings separate pieces or materials, usually non-art materials that are transformed, together to create a unified work. In-the-round: the sculpture can be viewed from multiple angles around the sculpture, unlike something flat with one fixed point of view.

Photography What are the traditional roles of photography? How has photography changed in recent times? What are some different types of photography?

A brief history of photography: Photography is a time-based media. It captures a moment in time all at once (for example, a snapshot.)The invention of photography allowed for portraits to be more accessible to the public. Early forms of photography include camera obscura, daguerreotypes, and cyanotypes. Early photography was used for documentation purposes. It is considered the most truthful of all of the mediums, although now it can be easily manipulated with the invention of digital photography and programs.

Types of Photography Documentary: accurate representations of people, places, etc. (example: early portraits, National Geographic) Commercial: often used in advertising. (example: food and goods photography) Staged vs. unstaged: artists may create scenes to photograph (staged) or photograph things that they find (unstaged)

ARCHITECTURE What two factors does architecture depend on? What are the two basic structural systems? What are some examples of architectural styles and their characteristics?

Architecture Each example of architecture depends on two different factors and their interrelation: topography and technology. Structural systems: shell system and skeleton and skin system. Modernist: Form over function. Truth to materials. Brutalism: rugged, heavy, raw. Postmodern: Combines various styles of architecture.

CRAFT What makes craft distinct from fine art? What are the four main types of craft? Name a few examples of each.

CRAFT The craft media are so called due to their history in making functional objects. The main types of craft are ceramic, metal, glass, and fiber.

FINAL EXAM *****Friday, December 8th, at 10 AM***** The final exam will be true/false, multiple choice, and short answer. It is worth 200 points. You may use 1 page (front and back) of handwritten notes- no print outs or electronics! Bring a pencil or something to write with- no scan tron necessary.