Bell Ringer Why did the Aztec Civilization use ritual sacrifice? How did they get the people needed? Explain.

Pre-Columbian South America EQ: What methods were used by the Inca to control such a vast territory?

Early Peoples of Peru Chavin (850 B.C.E.) Built huge temple complex Worshipped ferocious-looking god Part jaguar part human with grinning catlike features Depicted on stone carvings and pottery Chavin art and religion influenced later peoples of Peru

Early Peoples of Peru Nazca (300 B.C.E. – 800 C.E.) Etched glyphs in the desert. A glyph is a pictograph or symbol carved into a surface.

The Inca Empire The Inca emperor exercised absolute power Claimed divinity -> Son of the Sun Owned all the land, herds, mines, and people. Capital city = Cuzco

Inca Government

The Inca Empire Kept records on a quipu, a collection of knotted, colored strings. Scholars believe that quipus noted dates and events as well as statistics on population and crops. Imposed their own language, Quechua, and religion on the people.

The Inca Empire Created a road system that allowed the military and messengers to travel. 12,000 miles Used a relay-runner system They prohibited ordinary people from using the roads at all. All roads led to Cuzco. Population was made up of representatives from all over the empire.

The Inca Empire skilled farmers who developed methods of terracing, irrigation, and fertilization of the soil. Making sloped lands (mountains) farmable by making flat land.

The Inca Empire Machu Picchu Undiscovered city of the Inca by the Spanish Believed to be built for the emperor Pachacuti Temple of the Sun – interior walls lined with gold.

Society of the Inca Strictly controlled daily life Arranged marriages To ensure people were settled at a certain age. Assigned jobs and distributed crops

Society of the Inca Developed important medical advancements such as brain surgery

What methods were used by the Inca to control such a vast territory? Essential Question What methods were used by the Inca to control such a vast territory?

Assessment Which early group etched glyphs into the ground?

Assessment Agricultural method in which sloped mountainsides were made into farmable land.

Assessment The city that survived Spanish devastation because it was initially undiscovered by them

Assessment System of colored and knotted strings that were used for record keeping.

Assessment Approximately how many miles was the road network of the Inca?

How did the Inca adapt to their environment? Bell Ringer How did the Inca adapt to their environment?