Flame Detection – Jon Sarfas

Agenda Introduction Detection Principles FL4000H MSIR Flame Detector Flame Test Lamp Installation Best Practice Features & Benefits Applications

Introduction Primary objectives: Detect fires as early as possible Isolate fuel sources. Activate fire suppression system/responders. Alert personnel to evacuate. Minimize consequences to personnel, facilities and prevent escalation of incident.

Introduction Secondary objectives: Achieve detection with minimal unwanted alarms. Shutdowns - cost time & money Lowest installation and operation costs.

Optical Flame Detection Optical flame detectors respond to electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet, visible and infrared spectrums emitted from a burning flame.

Optical Flame Detection UV flame detectors respond to a limited ultraviolet band of 185-260 nanometers. This limited band excludes radiation from the sun, rendering UV detectors “solar blind”. IR detectors respond to a narrow band of infrared radiation centered at 4.35 microns. Flames produced by hydrocarbon fuels emit a large amount of IR radiation at 4.35 microns.

Optical Flame Detection UV flame detectors respond to a limited ultraviolet band of 185 to 260nm. IR flame detectors respond to a narrow band of infrared radiation centered at 4.35um. Visible UV IR 0.28 0.3 0.4 0.7 Sunlight Solar Radiation Fire IR Signal C02 H2O 2.8 4.0 4.3 5.0 Signal Radiant Intensity

UV & IR Detection Sensing methods for optical flame detection employ UV and IR sensing elements. UV phototube IR Pyro-electric detector

UV Flame Detection UV flame detectors offer extremely fast response times, typically 100 milliseconds, allowing then to react at the very early stages of a fire. However UV detectors are potentially sensitive to arc-welding, x-rays, halogen lighting and lightning, therefore posing false alarm problems. A good application for UV detectors is in side turbine enclosures, where speed of response is critical and the sources of false alarm are not present. UV detectors cannot see through thick sooty smoke.

IR Flame Detection IR flame detectors have the advantage of been able to detect through dense smoke and are less susceptible to contaminated optics. IR detectors are not sensitive to arc-welding, x-rays, halogen lights and lightning. Typical response time < 2 seconds. Single IR detectors can be susceptible to black body radiation.

UV/IR Flame Detection Combining both the UV and IR detectors in one product provides one of the most commonly type of flame detectors. It combines the advantages of each type of detectors technology whilst also overcoming the false alarm issues associated with each detector. UV/IR flame detectors will not alarm unless both the UV detector and IR detector have detected a fire at the same time.

UV & IR Flame Detection Possible Sources of False & Unwanted Alarms UV IR UV/IR Arc welding Lightning Halogen Lighting X-ray testing Modulated Black body radiation Flare stacks Reflected sunlight

IR3 Flame Detection Triple IR (IR3) technology was seen as a major breakthrough in fire detection many years ago, detects using three IR sensors. IR3 detectors will not false alarm to any continuous, modulated or pulsating radiation sources. The high sensitivity of the Triple IR technology, enable another benefit of increased detection ranges than previously technologies, typically 65m as appose to 15m. However Triple IR Relies on fixed algorithms which are pre-programed into the detectors software, these algorithm are defined by direct human analysis of experimental data.

MSIR Multi-Spectrum Infrared The FL4000H detects fires reliably by making use of multiple infrared sensors sampling different IR wavelengths. Analog signals are sampled and converted into digital format for signal processing. A neural network processes values to identify patterns, which allow it to determine if signals are from a flame or non-flame source. Flame detection becomes an exercise of pattern recognition, which is derived from the statistical analysis of data.

MSIR Multi-Spectrum Infrared What is Neural Network Technology (NNT)? NNT is the “brain” behind the detector. It allows the unit to make intelligent decisions based on training and an adaptive recognition algorithm that works similar to a human brain. Think of a small tree you used to play on as a child. If you were to visit that tree 15 years later it would be very different in appearance but your brain is able to determine that it is the same tree based on its appearance. NNT allows the FL4000H detector to do the same thing with fires and, conversely, with false alarm sources. Flame detection becomes an exercise of pattern recognition, which is derived from the statistical analysis of data.

MSIR Multi-Spectrum Infrared MSIR’s flame decision is informed by input from several infrared wavelengths or channels. So called “immunity sensors” detect wavelengths not associated with flames. No Channel Wavelength microns Channel Use 1 2.2 IR light sources (sun channel) 2 4.3 Flame wavelength (CO2) 3 4.45 4 4.9 Modulation

MSIR Multi-Spectrum Infrared There are several advantages to using artificial neural networks to detect flames: Does not depend on developing accurate rules for classifying fire from false alarms. Can improve its pattern recognition as the detector is “trained” to recognize more flame and non-flame events.

MSIR Multi-Spectrum Infrared

MSIR Multi-Spectrum Infrared N-Heptane Burning in 1ft x 1ft Pan Gasoline Burning in 1ft x 1ft Pan

MSIR Multi-Spectrum Infrared Video 1 Video 2 Technology Detection Range Immunity Distance MSIR/NNT 70m / 230ft >1.5 - 4.5m / 5-15ft IR3 – Competitor A 64m / 210ft >12.2m / 5-15ft IR3 / CCTV– Competitor A 61m / 200ft

FL4000H MSIR Specification 2-5 microns (IR) Field of view: 100 @ 100ft, 90 @ 210ft Detection distance: 70m (230ft) Typical response time: 10 seconds Average response time: 7 seconds COPM Self Test Outputs: 4 – 20 mA, 8A Relays, HART & Modbus Time delay: 0, 8, 10, 14 seconds Operating temp: -40°C to +80°C Approvals: ATEX, IECEx, BV, ULC, CSA, FM, MED, Inmetro, DNV, EN-54-10 SIL 3 Ex d IIC T5, Ingress Protection: NEMA 6P, IP66/67 Housing: Stainless steel 316 Cable distance PSU – Detector 930m 2.5mm2

MSIR Field of View MSIR model offers the largest detection area of any commercial detector. 70m 37m 21m

MSIR Field of View Detection Distance Maximun. A of V 230 feet 60 º 90 º 50 feet 100 º

FL4000H MSIR Flame response – high sensitivity

MSIR HART Function Current Level (mA) Analog Output HART HART (Modified) Startup 3.5 1.25 Fault Test Mode 1.5 COPM Fault 2 2.0 Ready Signal 4.3 Warn 16 Alarm 20

TL105 Test Lamp Specification: Remote testing up to 10.7m Approvals: ATEX and CSA Tri-color LED battery status indicator Single tap on/ off Designed to operate specifically with our products Shipped with battery not connected

TL105 Test Lamp 2.4-10.7m Detector Model Maximum Distance m FL4000H MSIR – high sensitivity 10.7 FL4000H MSIR – medium sensitivity 5.5 FL4000H MSIR – low sensitivity 2.4

TL105 Test Lamp 10.7m

Flame Detector Installation Best Practices The following are best recommended practices when installing flame detectors, Mount detectors 3 - 5 meters above the ground. Endure mounting is solid, no movement. Tilt the instrument downward so the front of the detector is perpendicular to area it’s meant to be protecting. MSIR detectors, set sensitivity of the instrument suitable to the area protecting, medium or low. Make sure detectors are not pointing at flare stack or reflected flare stack. Flame detectors cannot see detect through solid objects or through windows.

Flame Detector Installation Best Practices

In Summary

In Summary Sets a new industry benchmark Superior false alarm immunity: arc weld as close as 1.5-4.5m / 5-15 ft Greater detection range: 70m / 230 ft Wide field of view: 100 degrees @ 30.5m / 100 ft Test Lamp – test the unit from 10.7m / 35 ft MTBF: 150,000 hrs FM Certified to IEC 61508 SIL 3 suitable MSIR/NNT provides the highest levels of flame detection with respect to performance, safety, reliability and value. Approvals: FM, CSA, ATEX, IECEx, ULC, DNV GL, MED, EAC, Inmetro, CE Marking

Applications Aircraft Hangers Automotive manufacturing & paint spray Chemical production plants Chemical store Compressor stations Drilling & production plants Fuel loading facilities Aircraft hangers LNG/LPG Processing & storage facilities Natural gas transfer points

Applications Offshore platforms Oil & Gas (exploration, production, storage & offloading) Oil refineries Petrol storage & pump stations Petrochemical (production, storage & shipping facilities) Pharmaceutical Industry Power plants Propane & butane filling stations Turbine enclosures

Questions ?