Information for teachers This PowerPoint highlights the key issues of the East Africa food crisis. This resource is intended as a flexible teaching and learning tool for both teacher and student use. It may be used with a whole class or for independent student learning. It contains information and suggestions for learning and discussion tasks in the ‘Notes’ section of each slide. It is our hope that you will use these slides in a way that best suits your purposes. As such, the slides are editable so that the content is flexible for you to adapt to your needs. If you do edit this presentation, please ensure content and photos from this resource remain with the appropriate credit to Caritas Australia and the photographers. Download a separate Prayer PowerPoint , Prayer Service, East Africa Solidarity Lunch Day Guide and Poster. Fundraise and raise awareness to support the people of South Sudan. Donate at www.caritas.org.au/africa

FAMINE AND FOOD CRISIS IN THE AUSTRALIAN CURRICULUM Learning and teaching about humanitarian emergencies such as the food crisis in East Africa and Yemen compel us to take action and connect with a global movement to act responsibly for our world. This addresses a core Australian Curriculum intention – to develop active and informed global citizens who are able to think critically and and contribute meaningfully. For Catholic Schools, this is deeply connected to Catholic Social Teaching Principles and the mandate of the Christian faith to stand in solidarity with children, women and men who are most vulnerable to extreme poverty and injustice. The topic of food insecurity and emergencies, and our responses through prayer, awareness raising, solidarity and fundraising can be unpacked in Religious Education classes. The work of Caritas Australia, their partners and the broader Caritas Internationalis network in South Sudan and East Africa, is an example of how a faith based organisation is supporting the most vulnerable in our world right now. Broadly, teaching about the famine is relevant in the Civics and Citizenship, Economics and Business and Geography curriculums and in addressing the Cross Curricular Priorities and General Capabilities. For example: Ethical Understanding: exploring the types of participation that Australia has in the Asia region and internationally (for example, exchange programs, peacekeeping, election monitoring, health programs, disaster management). Intercultural Understanding: researching connections between Australia and countries in the Asia and Pacific regions (for example, in terms of migration, trade, tourism, aid, education, defence or cultural influences) and explaining the effects of at least one of these connections on their own place and another place in Australia.

FAMINE AND FOOD CRISIS IN THE AUSTRALIAN CURRICULUM Civics and Citizenship Curriculum Key ideas: How societies and economies operate and how they are changing over time. The ways people, places, ideas and events are perceived and connected. How people exercise their responsibilities, participate in society and make informed decisions? Year 7 Geography Unit 1: Water in the world Unit 2: Place and liveability Year 9 Civics and Citizenship Year 9 Geography How and why individuals and groups, including religious groups, participate in and contribute to civic life (ACHCK079) Unit 1: Biomes and Food Security Year 10 Geography Unit 2: Geographies of human wellbeing: Issues affecting development of places and their impact on human wellbeing, drawing on a study from a developing country or region in Africa, South America or the Pacific Islands. (ACHCS102) Year 10 Civics and Citizenship: The Australian government’s role and responsibilities at a global level, for example provision of foreign aid, peacekeeping, participation in international organisations and the United Nations (ACHCK091). Reflect on their role as a citizen in Australian, regional and global contexts. Year 7-8 Design and Technologies Analyse how food and fibre are produced when designing managed environments and how these can become more sustainable. (ACTDEK032).

Food crisis in east africa For Secondary School classrooms

What do you know about hunger in our world What do you know about hunger in our world? Why do you think hunger exists? Have you considered the food production and distribution process, and all the steps it takes for food to get to your table? What do you think would happen if crops didn’t grow? Or if shops did not have enough stock for everyone? What would happen? What would you do? For more information on the Food System, download our comprehensive ‘Food for All’ resource for Secondary Schools. http://www.caritas.org.au/docs/default-source/secondary-school-resources/secondary-schools-food-for-all-resource.zip?sfvrsn=12?Download=true

Can you find the continent of Africa? In early 2017 a food crisis escalated in East Africa. Do you know how many countries there are in Africa? How many can you name? 23 million people are affected.

South Sudan Kenya Ethiopia Somalia Eritrea Yemen Nigeria Malawi There are 54 different countries in Africa. Eight countries are currently affected by a severe food crisis. Seven of those countries are in Africa, mostly in the eastern region. Yemen in the Middle East, is also affected. Discuss: What do you already know about the countries labelled on this map?

What is A food crisis? A food crisis is a complex emergency. Families may experience the stress of not having enough food and water for several years due to a combination of one or more of the following stressors: drought conflict natural disaster rising global food prices. Famines are rarely declared. This is the first famine declared since 2011 in Somalia, where more than a quarter of a million people died. Beneficiaries receiving the only one time off ration per family in Lotuhoyaha, Ikwoto County. Photo credit: Caritas Internationalis

South Sudan During March 2017, famine was declared in South Sudan. The United Nations declared South Sudan famine free in June, however 6 million people in South Sudan face extreme food insecurity. Somalia and Yemen are highly likely to be the next countries where famine will be declared.

Photo information: In September 2016 Viola, pictured here with her son, fled her home in Lanya village, South Sudan, after government violence escalated. In October, Viola received seeds and tools from Caritas, and is now cultivating vegetables to supplement the refugees’ daily diet of maize and beans. Credit: Tommy Trenchard for Caritas

What is A famine? A famine is a severe food crisis. It is declared by the United Nations when the following criteria is met: 4 out of every 10,000 children are dying from lack of food, 20% of people are unable to meet their daily food requirements and function effectively (unable to go to work or school), 30% of people are acutely malnourished. Malnourished definition: Not being able to access the variety of food for good health. Famines are rarely declared. This is the first famine declared since 2011 in Somalia, where more than a quarter of a million people died. Weeds collected for food in South Sudan. Photo Credit: Mark Mitchell/ Caritas Aotearoa New Zealand

Famine and food crisis It is an extremely challenging time for many people in South Sudan and other countries in East Africa. Can you remember a time you have been hungry or thirsty for a long time? What physical symptoms did you experience? What emotional effects did hunger have on you? How long did you have to wait before you could eat again? What impacts did hunger have on your life?  Child in South Sudan. Photo Credit: Caritas Internationalis

Credit:Patrick Nicholson/Caritas

Main drivers of food crisis and famine Conflict. Ongoing civil war in South Sudan. Climate change. Severe drought compounded by a super charged El Niño effect. Food price inflation. Massive price increases on basic food items. Climate change is not the sole cause of the current droughts, but is a significant threat multiplier, particularly for people already experiencing food insecurity. This means climate change may significantly increase the severity and length of the droughts and the numbers of people affected. Many countries in the Greater Horn of Africa are bracing themselves for deepening drought over coming months (while still recovering from the effects of El Niño). The March to May rains are critical however Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia, South Sudan are expecting below average rainfalls. This will result in water scarcity and significant livestock deaths.

CONFLICT In South Sudan ongoing conflict has made it dangerous for people to search for food or harvest crops. Markets are not accessible because roads are blocked. It is also difficult for food to reach people who are trapped in regions due to road blocks. Source: http://www.caritas.org/2017/03/south-sudan-bishops-warn-mass-starvation-amid-worsening-humanitarian-crisis/ What is the role of conflict in this crisis? A number of countries affected have experienced conflict in recent times, which has made significant numbers of people more vulnerable in the current emergency. This is particularly the case in South Sudan and Yemen, though large numbers of displaced people currently in surrounding nations are also facing severe risk. Village in South Sudan deserted due to conflict. Crops and fields burnt. Photo credit: Mark Mitchell/ Caritas Aotearoa New Zealand

Photo information: Trócaire (Caritas Ireland) repaired a bore hole recently in the village of Adior, Adior County, South Sudan. Photo credit: Sean Farrell/Trocaire.  

displacement Because of the conflict, many South Sudanese people have become ‘internally displaced people’ (IDPs) and have had to move to other areas of South Sudan, or go to refugee camps in neighbouring countries like Uganda. How might having large proportions of a population living in a refugee camp impact a society in the short and long term? Consider factors such as access to education, sanitation, health services, employment opportunities. A woman cooking the evening meal in Bidi Bidi refugee camp in northern Uganda. Photo credit: Trocaire

CLIMATE Droughts have been occurring frequently over the past decade. Below average rainfall is expected in the region over the coming months. Soaring temperatures and unusual and unpredictable weather patterns are one of the hallmarks of climate change and has worsened the situation in East Africa. How do you think droughts and climate change impact on food availability? The March to May rains are critical however Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia, South Sudan are expecting below average rainfalls. This will result in water scarcity and significant livestock deaths. Global temperature records have been repeatedly broken over a number of consecutive years. Combined with recent El Nino events, climate change multiplies the threat of drought for many of the world’s most vulnerable populations. Many countries are bracing themselves for deepening drought. The March to May rainfalls are critical, however Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia and South Sudan are expecting below average rainfalls. Climate change is not the sole cause of the current droughts, but is a significant threat multiplier, particularly for people already experiencing food insecurity. This means climate change may significantly increase the severity and length of the droughts and the numbers of people affected. Sample of burnt sorghum of Isohe Payam, Ikwoto County. Photo: Caritas Internationalise

TASK: ARABLE LAND Explore the World Bank’s data on arable land. What trends do you notice in the data? PhotoCredit: Patrick Nicholson/Caritas

food prices Poor harvests leading to shortages in staple crops such as corn, wheat and sugar have contributed to the crisis. This has made the remaining available food too expensive to buy. Sample of burnt sorghum of Isohe Payam, Ikwoto County. Photo: Caritas Internationalise

SOUTH sudan 6 million people face extreme food insecurity. 270,000 South Sudanese children are now severely malnourished. 2 million people are on the brink of starvation Millions of people have been displaced. 1.8 million internally displaced persons. 1.5 million refugees. Caritas Australia is working with partners in South Sudan.

MALAWI Food assistance began in July 2016. By February 2017, 6.6 million people in 24 districts were declared in need of food assistance. It is expected that households will still face food shortage resulting in high malnutrition and extreme loss of livelihood assets. Caritas Australia is working to support people, through our partners in Malawi. Photo: Trocaire Community meeting in Malawi. Photo credit: Caritas Australia

Tawonga is eight years old and lives in Malawi Tawonga is eight years old and lives in Malawi. Tawonga was born with a disability and cannot walk on her own. But Tawonga loves school. She uses a donated wheelchair and her siblings push her three kilometres to their school. Photo credit: Caritas Australia

Photo credit: Caritas Australia The lack of rain since last year has led to failed crops. This means Tawonga and her family have had to cut back from two meals, to one meal a day. Tawonga

In March 2017, they had to go without food for four days In March 2017, they had to go without food for four days. Not having enough has made Tawonga and her siblings feel very weak and they have become sick with fevers. So Tawonga and her siblings have been missing school. Caritas Australia is supporting families like Tawonga’s to improve their access to food, water, sanitation and hygiene services. Photo credit: Caritas Australia Tawonga

KENYA Drought is affecting thousands of farmers, some walk 15km/day to get their animals to pasture. The drought has hit large parts of northern Kenya, Coast and Eastern pushing up cost of food, water and electricity. With the worsening drought and upcoming elections, communities fear a new wave of violence. Caritas Australia is working to support people, through our partners in Kenya. Kenya. Credit: Caritas Australia

Our response In 2017, Australia has provided $34 million in response to the worsening crises in places like Somalia and South Sudan. Caritas Australia is working closely with the Caritas Internationalis network, community and Church leaders in country, including women and youth, and likeminded Australian organisations. Caritas Australia has worked with partners in the region for many years. Our partners in South Sudan, Kenya and Malawi can reach remote and vulnerable communities. Through its network Caritas operates across all seven dioceses in South Sudan with access to remote rural areas. We can support people in the short and long term. How is Caritas Australia working with other humanitarian agencies? Caritas Australia is working closely with the Caritas Internationalis network, community and Church leaders in country, including women and youth, and likeminded Australian organisations (especially through CAN DO) and the Australian government. Caritas Australia’s strong relationships developed through long-term development programs provide a uniquely deep reach into vulnerable communities, including remote communities to ensure our response meets the needs of the poorest of the poor. Relationships through Caritas agencies in South Sudan, Kenya and Malawi. This means we will be there before, during and after the emergency. This includes $10 million to the World Food Programme (WFP), $2.5 million to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), $2.5 million to the Somalia Resilience Program (SomReP) delivered by NGOs, $5 million to the UN South Sudan Humanitarian Fund (SSHF), $5 million to the UN Somalia Humanitarian Fund (SHF), $4 million to the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and $5 million to Australian NGOs

Credit: Caritas Internationalis

Short term response Caritas Australia’s support will continue through the provision of food items such as: beans, sorghum sugar, salt, oil, maize flour clean water, non-food items: sanitation and emergency supplies. Caritas Australia’s strong relationships developed through long-term development programs provide a uniquely deep reach into vulnerable communities, including remote communities to ensure our response meets the needs of the poorest of the poor. Caritas Australia has long-term relationships with Caritas agencies in South Sudan, Kenya and Malawi. This means we can be there before, during and after the emergency. Caritas supported food distribution program in South Sudan Credit: Caritas Internationalis

LONG-TERM RESPONSE Caritas is there before, during and after an emergency. In long term development programs in Malawi, Kenya and South Sudan we are supporting: Training in sustainable agriculture. Improving food security. Improving access to water. Diversification of livelihoods. Okra seeds donated by Caritas to refugees in Uganda. Photo credit: Tommy Trenchard for Caritas Internationalis

Take action The bible story of when Jesus fed 5000 people with only a five loaves of bread and a few fishes is significant when we think about food and hunger issues in our world. What does this story teach us about how to respond? What can you do personally to respond to the current crisis? Communities in Lobonok displaced by conflict have been supported with food by Caritas Juba. Credit: Mark Mitchell/ Caritas Aotearoa New Zealand

Take action You can learn more about the crisis and relevant global issues. You can also pray and act in solidarity. Host an East Africa Solidarity Lunch and Prayer Service at your school to raise funds and awareness about the food crisis in East Africa. Download the resources at the Caritas Australia website. Donations to the Africa Emergency Appeal help us continue life giving work in South Sudan and other affected countries.

DONATE Online: http://www.caritas.org.au/africa By phone: 1800 024 413 $350 could provide emergency food aid for a family of seven in Malawi for five months $156 could provide enough sorghum to help feed a family in South Sudan for an entire month $65 could purchase a bag of 45 kgs of beans and feed a family for 3 months in Kenya $23 could provide maize flour to help feed a Kenyan family for an entire month Photo credits: Andrew Garrick, Paul Jeffrey, Caritas Australia Online: http://www.caritas.org.au/africa By phone: 1800 024 413 By mail: GPO Box 9830 in your capital city

PRAY Secondary Schools Prayer PowerPoint for East Africa Food Crisis: http://www.caritas.org.au/docs/default-source/secondary-school-resources/secondary-prayer-africa-emergency-appeal.pptx?sfvrsn=2 Write your own prayers or use the East Africa Prayer PowerPoint for Secondary Schools.

REFLECT Watch the ‘Allegory of the Spoons’ film clip. Film clip link: Allegory of the Spoons https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhU5JEd-Xro Watch the ‘Allegory of the Spoons’ film clip.

FURTHER LEARNING For more information on the Food System, download our comprehensive ‘Food for All’ resource for Secondary Schools. http://www.caritas.org.au/docs/default-source/secondary-school-resources/secondary-schools-food-for-all-resource.zip?sfvrsn=12?Download=true

The Global Context For more information on the Food System, download our comprehensive ‘Food for All’ resource for Secondary Schools. http://www.caritas.org.au/docs/default-source/secondary-school-resources/secondary-schools-food-for-all-resource.zip?sfvrsn=12?Download=true

Hunger in our world Globally, one in nine people in the world today (795 million) are undernourished. Poverty is a major reason for hunger. The majority of the world’s hungry people live in developing countries, where 12.9 per cent of the population is undernourished. For more information on the Food System, download our ‘Food for All’ resource for Secondary Schools. http://www.caritas.org.au/docs/default-source/secondary-school-resources/secondary-schools-food-for-all-resource.zip?sfvrsn=12?Download=true Source: http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/hunger/

HOW DOES THIS HAPPEN? Hunger and food insecurity have a number of causes. Politics, economics, social justice and environmental conditions are all part of the way that food is produced and distributed around the world. Tackling hunger and food insecurity is about more than increasing the food supply; it's also about challenging the structures that create prevent people from building their own food security. Source: http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/hunger/ Graphic Credit: www.globalgoals.org

Hunger in our world One of 17 Sustainable Development Goals agreed on by world leaders in 2015 is ‘Zero Hunger’. There are many aspects to achieving this goal, but one target is: By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round. For more information on the Food System, download our comprehensive ‘Food for All’ resource for Secondary Schools. http://www.caritas.org.au/docs/default-source/secondary-school-resources/secondary-schools-food-for-all-resource.zip?sfvrsn=12?Download=true Source: http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/hunger/ Graphic Credit: www.globalgoals.org End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture

Hunger in our world By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round. Do the highlighted aspects of the target apply to you? How do you access food? How do you know you will be able to access food in the future? For more information on the Food System, download our comprehensive ‘Food for All’ resource for Secondary Schools. http://www.caritas.org.au/docs/default-source/secondary-school-resources/secondary-schools-food-for-all-resource.zip?sfvrsn=12?Download=true End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture

Understanding the context: SOUTH SUDAN South Sudan is the world’s newest country. It became independent from Sudan in 2011 after 20 years of war between north and south Sudan. Over 20 million people were killed. In 2015 a peace agreement was signed by leaders of two competing parties. But tensions between the two main parties led to violence in Juba in July 2016. South Sudan was already experiencing economic vulnerability, where many households were at risk of not having enough food in the cities and rural areas.

\ Photo information: Enyif Village South Sudan- Deserted due to conflict. Crops and fields burnt. Credit: Mark Mitchell/ Caritas Aotearoa New Zealand

Understanding ‘Hunger’

Photo information: Weeds collected for food. Caritas Austria supported Internally Displaced Persons Camp, Don Bosco Compound, Gumbo, Juba. Credit: Mark Mitchell/ Caritas Aotearoa New Zealand

THE HUNGER SEASON The hunger season is about to start in East Africa. The hunger season is when the last harvest has run out and new crops are yet to appear - millions of people are at risk.

CONSIDER: By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round. Which parts of the above target are not evident in the current food crisis and famine? What has created a vulnerable situation in the affected countries like South Sudan? For more information on the Food System, download our comprehensive ‘Food for All’ resource for Secondary Schools. http://www.caritas.org.au/docs/default-source/secondary-school-resources/secondary-schools-food-for-all-resource.zip?sfvrsn=12?Download=true Source: http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/hunger/ Graphic credit: www.globalgoals.org End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture

IMPACT on society For each main causes of the famine identify the various impacts in the short and long term. Cause/Driver Short term impact Long term impact Civil War Drought (made worse by climate change) Price increases Food production: Health: Education: Community/Society:

TYPES OF HUNGER Malnutrition occurs when people don’t have the proper combination of nutrients in their diet. It includes under-nutrition and over-nutrition. This is a measuring tool used to check for malnutrition. It measures the mid upper arm circumference of children between one and five years old. Children are being checked for malnutrition at Caritas supported health centres in South Sudan. Measuring for malnutrition in Torit (South Sudan) General Hospital. Photo credit: Caritas Australia

WHAT HUNGER DOES TO CHILDREN Explore this interactive graphic ‘What hunger does to children’. How do you think long-term hunger affects the stomach, brain, and throat? Hover with your mouse over the tags to compare your answers. What are three impacts of hunger you didn’t know before? What questions do you have? Interactive image link: http://food.caritas.org/what-hunger-does-to-children/

READY TO USE THERAPEUTIC FOOD (RUTF) This is a peanut paste that is often distributed to severely malnourished children. The ingredients are usually a combination of a protein, carbohydrate, lipid and vitamins and minerals. For example: peanut paste, vegetable oil, powdered milk, powdered sugar, vitamins, minerals. It does not need to be refrigerated and has a shelf life of approximately two years. What do you notice about the design of this food item in relation to: the packaging the ingredients the shelf life. What do you wonder? Photo Credit: Trocaire (Caritas Ireland)