Chemistry of Life Unit 4: Cells October-19th-2010

Set up your page in this format: Words Notes Raptors A dangerous and scary dinosaur which should never be underestimated. Cells The basic unit of living things.

What are we made of? As we talked about yesterday: Living things have 5 basic needs: Oxygen Water Food Energy Habitat

Microscopes Microscope Is an instrument that makes small objects look larger. Most microscopes do this by using lenses to focus light. The FIRST MICROSCOPE was invented in 1590, and revolutionized (changed forever) science. WHY!?!?!? Robert Hooke The first scientist to observe cells. He built a compound microscope (uses more then one lense). He used his microscope to look at cork cells.

What are some things we use microscopes for What are some things we use microscopes for? What would our future look like if the microscope was never invented? (think about microorganisms)

Microscopes gave scientists their first glimpses of cells Microscopes gave scientists their first glimpses of cells. As the microscopes improved, they began to see that cells were made up of tiny structures. (we will be looking at microscopes on Friday) There are THREE TYPES of microscopes: Dissection Microscopes: LOW Magnification A dissecting microscope is often called a stereo microscope. They are used for dissecting animal specimens.

2. Compound/Light Microscope: -uses more then one lens -can magnify an object by 10x, 40x, or 100x. -used to look at cells. 3. Electron Microscopes: -use electrons instead of light to produce a magnified image. -used to look at the individual parts of cells.

What Do these have in Common? ICEMAN 5300 years old King Tut 3350 years old Justin Bieber 16 years old How can we link all of these together?

Answer…. Dun dun dun daaa!! DNA! We can look at the DNA of each of these organisms and link them to each other. The ICEMAN, who was found with some INTACT tissues and organs, was identified as being a human due to his DNA. We can also look at genetic mutations and evolutionary adaptations that appear in his DNA. What kind of questions can we answers.

And where is DNA found? HERE! NUCLEUS!!!

Cells: Are the basic units of structure and function of living things. Scientists over time have developed three assumptions about ALL cells.

Cell Theory 1. The cell is the basic building block of life. 2. An organism can be as simple as one cell (unicellular), or of trillions of cells (multicellular). 3. All cells are created from existing cells through a process called cell division. (they don’t appear out of thin air)

The cell theory is true for ALL LIVING THINGS. (big or small) The cell theory is true for ALL LIVING THINGS! (big or small). Multicellular Unicellular

Plants and Animals How would one classify an organism as being a plant or animal? Scientists decide this by dividing organisms into those that can make their own food (producers), and those that need to eat other living things (consumers) The differences between plants an animal is seen in the structure of their cells.

Restate the Cell Theory In your own words, restate the three steps to the cell theory.

Animal Cells Your body is made up of TRILLIONS of cells. Although they may have different functions (example: red blood cells, liver cells, and stomach cells are all different), they all have similar parts. We will be investigating the animal and plant cell. There are a few differences between the two. Can you think of any?

Turn to page 20 in your textbook and following along with the diagram as you take notes. Lets pretend that CCHS is a living cell. Lets compare the different parts of our school to the parts of the cell. Let us list all the parts of the school.

Organelles the difference structures inside a cell. Cell Membrane Protects the inside of the cell. The cell membrane controls what comes inside and outside of the cell. Think about CCHS. Who plays the role of the cell membrane here at school?

Nucleus Is the BRAIN of the cell. The nucleus tells the cell what to do. Nucleolus Located inside the nucleus. Contains all the genetic material. Who at CCHS is the nucleus?

Ribosomes Tiny dot like structures, they are in charge of making proteins. Endoplasmic Located just outside the Reticulum (ER) nucleus, it is in charge of transporting (moving) proteins around the cell.

Golgi Body: Receives all the proteins made in the ER, and transports them around the cell. Mitochondria Rod shaped. Known as the “powerhouses” of the cell, as as they are in charge of producing the ENERGY in the cell. -some cells, such as the liver cells, can have hundreds of mitochondria in ONE cell. Who is the mitochondria of our school cell?

Cytoplasm A gel-like fluid in where all the organelles float around Cytoplasm A gel-like fluid in where all the organelles float around. Lysosomes Sacs that break down food particles. Also called “suicide sacs”. They have really strong acids inside them, so if a cell gets infected (sick), they will explode and kill the WHOLE CELL!

Vacuoles Some animal cells have these which store food, water, and waste. They clean the cell. Act as toilets and release waste outside the cell. Who at CCHS is a vacuole?

PLANT CELLS Cell Walls: plants have a really strong outer layering. (WHY?) Chloroplasts: Capture energy from the sun. Produce all the food in the plant cell, in the form of sugar.

Summary What are the differences between plant and animal cells? Plant cells have : Chloroplasts Cell Walls