The development of Benidorm as a tourist resort LO: To be able to apply the Resort life cycle model (Butler) to a tourist resort- case study Benidorm

Starter: recap from last lesson Which picture would you link to each stage and why?????

The human and physical attractions of Benidorm….

Location of Benidorm

Benidorm today. Watch this video clip. List the attractions http://www.benidorm-spotlight.com/news/2009/ben_vid_201009.htm

World English Dictionary lager lout - a rowdy or aggressive young drunk male

The development of Benidorm as a tourist resort…. Using the information from the Edexcel textbook and Geog 3 page 108-109 create a time line showing the stages in the development of the resort and refer to which stage of the model this would be Annotate a butler models showing the dates and developments of the stages of development. Extension: Make sure you can explain how and why all of the changes have happened

The impacts of tourism on Benidorm Positive Negative

Global Tourism : Resort Development / Spanish Tourism Rejuvenation plans 14 Spain is trying to rejuvenate its tourism by moving away from Mass Tourism at the coast and trying to encourage: fewer but more wealthy tourists Encourage tourism throughout the year – Spring Autumn & Winter as well as summer Encouraging more active tourism – golf, tennis, riding holidays. People pay more for these – and they don’t depend on hot sunny weather Dispersing tourists into the interior of Spain – not just the coasts

Follow up questions: Apart form lack of space what could cause Benidorm to go into stage 5? (stagnation) Why are the length of Blackpool’s and Benidorm’s tourist season different? Exam question: 3 marks Describe the options faced by holiday resorts when they reach stagnation

Exam questions Exam question: Describe the options faced by holiday resorts when they reach stagnation (3) (2009) With the use of examples explain the strategies that can be used when the stagnation stage is reached. (6)

6 Mark question:

Model answer Chosen study: Benidorm, Spain Answer: Benidorm was at the exploration stage of the Butler model during the 1950s. During this time British businessmen were seeking appealing locations abroad to develop as holiday destinations for British tourists. This was beginning to happen at this time as commercial air travel was becoming available and average incomes in Britain were rising. Rich Europeans and film stars were also attracted to Benidorm as it was the only resort to allow bikinis at this stage. By the late 1950s Benidorm progressed to the involvement stage of the model when small numbers of tourists began arriving. The tourists loved the sunshine and the peace and quiet and news of this spread. The development stage of the model occurred during the 1960s when tourist numbers rose rapidly as a result of tour operators offering cheap package holidays to the area. Today, Benidorm is in the consolidation phase, it has transformed from a small sleepy village into a pulsating urban area of skyscraper hotels and apartment complexes. It has more or less reached peak numbers as there is little space to expand. There is some evidence of stagnation because ‘larger louts’ are attracted by cheap package holidays and many of the buildings are old, second rate and ugly- there was poor planning when the resort developed and the scenery has been blocked out. Benidorm has tried to rejuvenate by re-attracting families by building a theme park –Terra Mitica and they received an EU blue flag for clean beaches.

Why Spain is facing a water shortage Global Tourism : Tourism Environmental Impact / Spanish Water Issues 15 Spain is facing serious water shortages which is being made worse by the needs of the tourist industry. There is a big question of who should have the main claim to Spain’s declining water – the farming sector or the tourism sector Farmers’ Claims for Water Tourism Claims for Water Growers need irrigation water for high-value crops of tomatoes, lettuce, celery and peppers which can be sold to N. Europe for high prices during the winter & spring The farms are often in the interior of Spain – providing jobs in areas outside the coastal tourist areas Farming uses water very efficiently in polytunnels and greenhouses to reduce evaporation but the tourism industry wastes water Tourists are choosing to go to other resorts outside Spain – so Spain will need the farming industry for its income in the future. Tourists expect to be able to shower, use swimming pools & flumes and not face water shortages when they come on holiday – or they’ll go elsewhere Tourism is the biggest growth sector of Spain’s economy – rather than farming so should get first use of the water Tourism is going to be a big earner in the future for Spain – but farming is traditional and old Farmers should concentrate on crops which need less water – like olives for olive oil & grapes for wine Climate Change : less rain is falling on Spain as the Sahara desert expands northwards over it Why Spain is facing a water shortage Increased use for Tourism : more hotels, more swimming pools, more water features like fountains etc. Spain's 2020 tourism strategy wants more wealthy tourists playing golf – so irrigating golf courses uses lots of water Increased use for Farming : more farms are growing high-value salad crops which need a lot of irrigation water to produce good crops

Global Tourism : Resort Development / Benidorm benefits of tourism 12 The benefits of tourism can be classified in various ways – Economic, Social and Environmental benefits, but also at different SCALES – Local, Regional and National. Many jobs in tourism which pay better than traditional farming or fishing – hotel receptionist, electricians & builders (EC) Local Benefits for Benidorm town Tax revenue from tourism can be spent improving the streets, buildings and schools for local people (EC) Improved water supplies, electricity supply, sewage systems and internet connections for the tourist industry can be used to benefit local people (SOC) The town will be kept tidy, streets swept, beaches cleaned regularly, and pollution kept out of the sea so that the resort is attractive for tourists (ENV) Farms and fishermen in the region can sell their produce to the tourist hotels and restaurants for a good price (EC) Benefits for the Region around Benidorm Companies supplying bricks, timber, concrete and steel for the building boom in hotels will get more orders (EC) Transport in the region is improved – wider roads from the new airport and new railway stations – which benefits locals (SOC) Benefits for the whole of Spain Spain is viewed in a positive way by millions of international visitors – who may return to other resorts (SOC) Income from tourism is a major ‘earner’ for Spain, making up 12% of all Spain’s annual income, and employing 12% of all workers (EC) Companies across Spain that make items for the tourist industry get more orders – bathroom fittings for hotel rooms, tables & chairs for cafes, sound equipment for discos….etc (EC)

Global Tourism : Tourism Environmental Impact / Spanish Water Solutions 16 The solution Spain chooses should allow for SUSTAINABLE uses of limited water – and sustainable economic growth into the future. Water shortages could reduce Spain’s economic progress – either by reducing the amount of high-value food crops it is able to export, or by reducing the number tourists it attracts compared with other countries with better water supplies.