However, her infant died a week later from her injuries. On July 25th, 2014, a car reversed into a Costco store in Ontario, Canada and struck a pregnant mother. Because of the crash, the mother immediately underwent an emergency caesarean section a month before her due date. However, her infant died a week later from her injuries. Should the driver of the car be charged with homicide? Defining life is not an easy task…... http://www.lifenews.com/2014/08/05/unborn-baby-dies-in-car-crash-but-canadas-law-claims-no-one-died/

1.1 How to Define Life Which one of these things would you consider a living organism? Why do people have “wakes” when a person dies before they bury the body? What about beating-heart cadavers?

A. Living Things Are Organized atoms  molecules cells  tissues  organs  organ systems  organism  population  community  ecosystem  biosphere

Is this organized? Is it life?

Each level of organization has emergent properties. What are examples of emergent properties? Emergent properties are functions or traits that come about as biological complexity increases—each level builds on the last

B. Living Things Acquire Materials and Energy Energy - capacity to do work; it takes work to maintain organization of the cell and organism.Metabolism - all chemical reactions that occur in a cell. Main source of energy is the sun—solar energy is converted into chemical energy (photosynthesis)—living things metabolize nutrient molecules

C. Living Things Maintain Homeostasis Organisms must maintain homeostasis -or a stable internal environment In order to keep a biological state of balance organisms have feedback and control mechanisms—these are usually not consciously controlled Use entropy, homeostasis, and energy in a single sentence.

Homeostasis is maintained by these types of Ghrelin is a hormone that makes you feel hungry. If you have ghrelin in your bloodstream, you will likely seek out food. Leptin suppresses the appetite. Once you have eaten a meal, leptin is released and gives your brain the signal that you are not hungry. Homeostasis is maintained by these types of FEEDBACK LOOPS.

D. Living Things Respond 1. Living things interact with the environment in order to find nutrients or energy. 2. Responses to environment (stimulus) altogether constitute the behavior of an organism.

E. Living Things Reproduce and Develop Genes (DNA) are passed from parents to offspring, ensuring the continuity of life

F. Living Things Have Adaptations 1. Adaptations - modifications that make an organism suited to its way of life. 2. Natural selection is process by which species become modified over time. 3. Evolution is descent with modification. This organism is called a pitcher plant. What do you think the function of the tubular leaves are? To trap insects

RECAP - Complete these sentences Energy is the capacity to do _________________ All the chemical reactions that occur in an organism is ________ Maintaining a biological balance is called ____________ Response of an organism constitutes its ____________. The process by which populations of organisms change over time is called ____________________ What are modifications called that allow organisms to function in a particular environment?  

RECAP - Complete these sentences Energy is the capacity to do WORK All the chemical reactions that occur in an organism is METABOLISM Maintaining a biological balance is called HOMEOSTASIS Response of an organism constitutes its BEHAVIOR The process by which populations of organisms change over time is called EVOLUTION What are modifications called that allow organisms to function in a particular environment? ADAPTATION  

1.2 Evolution the Unifying Concept of Biology A. Taxonomy: the Discipline of Identifying and Classifying Organisms 1. Organisms are classified according to their evolutionary relationships. 2. As more is learned about organisms, the taxonomy changes.

B. Categories of Classification Do Kings Play Chess On Fancy Game Squares In the Kingdoms Plantae and Fungi, the category “phylum” is replaced by “division.”

Six Kingdoms, Three Domains

Carl Richard Woese was an American microbiologist Woese is famous for defining the Archaea (a new domain or kingdom of life) in 1977 by phylogenetic taxonomy of 16S ribosomal RNA, a technique pioneered by Woese which revolutionized the discipline of microbiology.

All PROKARYOTES lack a membrane-bound nucleus

Archaea, Eubacteria, and Eukaryotes An overview (originally proposed by Woese et al, paraphrased) Bacteria are simplest considering cellular organisation. They have no nucleus or other internal membranes and no cytoskeleton. Their DNA is generally "junk- free"* (i.e. no introns), and not bound by histones ("organising" proteins) Eukaryotes are complex cells in comparison. They have a nucleus and are full of internal membranes (ER, golgi, vesicles,...). Their complex cytoskeleton allows them to grow very large in comparison. Their DNA is usually contains "junk" or introns, organised into tight bundles by histones. Archaea at first appear to be a mixture between the two. A nice way to sum it up (though not very accurate) is "eukaryote in a bacterium's clothing". Their cells look a lot like prokaryotes because they are similar size, have no nucleus, endomembranes or cytoskeleton. However, some archaeas DNA is bound by histones and they use similar machinery as eukaryotes for DNA replication, transcription and translation.

Chemosynthesis | Photosynthesis | Heterotroph | Absorbtion Domain Kingdom Nucleus Y/N Prok/Euk Unicellular/Multi Nutrition Examples Eukarya Bacteria Archaea Chemosynthesis | Photosynthesis | Heterotroph | Absorbtion Prokaryote | Eukaryote

1.3 How the Biosphere is Organized ECOSYSTEM COMMUNITY POPULATION ORGANISM ORGAN SYSTEM ORGAN TISSUE CELL MOLECULE ATOM

The Human Population As humans modify ecosystems this can upset the natural energy flow All living things depend on each other for survival It can create a domino effect

Biodiversity - the total number of species, their variable genes, and their ecosystems. Estimated to be as high as 15 million species---less than 2 million have been identified and named

Human activities continue to affect the biosphere Due to humans hundreds of species go extinct every day and we continue to place more in danger Good stewardship should be a main priority!! IDEAS????