SOL 5.5: Kingdoms of Living Things The Plant Kingdom SOL 5.5: Kingdoms of Living Things

Plant Classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Plantae Cell type: eukaryotic Cell number: multicellular Feeding: autotrophic (photosynthesis) Reproduction: sexual (seeds)

Plant Classification Plants evolved from green algae They are first classified as Nonvascular – short plants with no transport tissue (like veins), e.g. moss Vascular – taller plants with veins, e.g. trees Xylem – veins for water Phloem – veins for food

Non-Vascular Moss

Non-Vascular Liverwort

Non-Vascular Fern

Non-Vascular Hornwort

Vascular American dogwood tree

Vascular Roses

Vascular Grass

Plant Classification Vascular Plants can further be classified as Gymnosperms – cone bearing plants, e.g. pine trees Angiosperms – flowering plants, e.g. roses

Plant Classification Angiosperms are classified as Monocots: flowering plants with parallel veins and petals in multiples of 3, e.g. Tulip Dicots: flowering plants with branching veins and petals in multiples of 4 or 5, e.g. Rose Regardless of type, flowers are great for sexual reproduction. Flowers attract animals that can help pollinate the plant.

Photosynthesis Plant cells produce their own food through a process called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis allows plants to convert light energy into food energy.

Parts of a Flower Male Parts Female Parts Each flower has both male and female parts. Male parts produce pollen while female parts produce ovules. Pollen + Ovule = Seed. Fruits sometimes grow from the swollen ovary as a means to transport seeds.

Parts of a Flower Male Parts Female Parts Flowers form mutualistic symbiotic relationships with pollinators like insects and birds. Plants attract them with petals and create a nectar the pollinators eat. In return the pollinators carry pollen to other plants.

Plant Cell chloroplasts cell wall nucleus cell membrane cytoplasm vacuoles

SOL Released Test Items

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