Progress ICP Vegetation* and future workplan ( )

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Presentation transcript:

Progress ICP Vegetation* 2016-2017 and future workplan (2018-19) Harry Harmens, Gina Mills (CEH Bangor, UK) * Supported by Defra (UK), NERC (UK) & UNECE Extended Bureau WGE, 20-21 March 2017, Geneva

Update ozone critical levels (Basic: 1.1.2) Workshops: 23 – 25 Nov 2015: Critical Levels Methodology Workshops, Hindås, Sweden* 7 – 9 June 2016: Workshop on deriving dose-response functions, Deganwy, UK (with financial support from Switzerland*) 7 – 9 November 2016: UNECE Ozone Critical Levels Workshop, Madrid, Spain* Background document presented with methodology, response functions, proposed critical levels (CLs) and new developments (deliverable 2016) 30th ICP Vegetation Task Force meeting, 14-17 February, 2017: Adoption new CLs Deliverables 2017: Revised ozone risk assessment methods for vegetation (brochure) Revision of Chapter 3 Mapping Manual Modelling & Mapping Manual * Thank you for contribution in kind!

Flux-based ozone CLs Two types of Phytotoxic Ozone Dose (PODY) defined: PODYSPEC: plant species (group)-specific, requires more input data, suitable for detailed risk assessment. PODYIAM: vegetation-type specific, requires less input data, suitable for large-scale modelling, including IAM. 21 flux-based CLs defined, no changes AOT40-based CLs Chapter 3 Modelling and Mapping Manual: Contains main methodology, flux-effect relationships and CLs Revision every 3 – 5 year (depending on new developments) Two scientific background documents, annual update after Task Force meeting: A. Supplementary information for Chapter 3 B. Developing areas and new directions of research Extended Bureau WGE, 20-21 March 2017, Geneva

Species-specific flux-based CLs (PODYSPEC) Species (group) Effect parameter Potential effect at CL (% reduction) Critical level (mmol m-2 PLA) Potential max. rate of reduction (%) per unit PODYSPEC Crops (POD6SPEC) Wheat Grain yield 5% 1.3 3.85 1000-grain weight 1.5 3.35 Protein yield 2.0 2.54 Potato Tuber yield 3.8 1.34 Tomato Fruit yield 2.53 Fruit quality 1.30 Forest trees (POD1SPEC) Beech and birch Whole tree biomass 4% 5.2 0.93 Norway spruce 2% 9.2 0.22 Med. deciduous oaks 14.0 0.32 Root biomass 10.3 0.45 Med. evergreen Above-ground biomass 47.3 0.09 (Semi-)natural vegetation (POD1SPEC) Temperate perennial grassland Above- ground biomass 10% 10.2 0.99 Total biomass 16.2 0.62 Flower number 6.6 1.54 Med. annual pasture 16.9 0.85 Flower/ seed biomass 10.8 1.61

Vegetation type-specific flux-based CLs (PODYIAM) Vegetation type (PODYIAM) Effect parameter Use to assess risk of reduction in Potential effect at CL (% reduction) Critical level (mmol m-2 PLA) Crops (POD3IAM) Grain yield 5% 7.9 Forest trees (POD1IAM) Total biomass Annual growth of living biomass of trees 4% 5.7 13.7 (Semi-)natural vegetation (POD1IAM) Temperate perennial grasslands Flower number Vitality of species-rich grasslands 10% 6.6 Med. annual pastures Flower/ seed biomass 10.8 Non-Med. Med. Non-Med. Med. Indicative risk assessment of impacts on the most ozone-sensitive vegetation Indicative economic assessment for crops, not for trees or (semi-)natural vegetation Extended Bureau WGE, 20-21 March 2017, Geneva

Field evidence of ozone impacts (item 1.1.1.11) Lack of new biomonitoring data (Poland and UK only in 2016) Lack of ozone injury being reported via smart phone App. App to be updated in 2017, focus use in outreach activities http://icpvegetation.ceh.ac.uk EU Member States: Explore opportunities for enhanced monitoring of ozone impacts in light of revised NEC Directive (Directive (EU) 2016/2284) Extended Bureau WGE, 20-21 March 2017, Geneva

Revised NECD (Directive (EU) 2016/2284) http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pollutants/ceilings.htm Article 9 – Monitoring air pollution impacts: monitoring negative impacts on ecosystems based on representative network of sites, taking a cost-effective and risk-based approach (if appropriate, collaborate with ICPs of CLRTAP) Annex V – Optional indictors 3 – 4 April: NECD expert group meeting in Brussels – how can the European Commission help the Member States with the implementation of NECD? (with input and background documents from ICPs) Priorities for reinforcement: Increase participation in/cooperation with relevant networks (ICPs) Reinforce density of monitoring networks – ecosystem representativity Reinforce integration of monitoring networks (e.g. ICP IM) Align with EU initiative on Mapping and Assessment of the state of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES) Maintain the funding of the ICPs and the CCE Extended Bureau WGE, 20-21 March 2017, Geneva

Global risk ozone impacts on biodiversity (item 1.1.1.11) Ecology and Evolution 6: 8785-8799 Simulated O3 exposure (Max M12) in 2000, grouped by biome (left) and changes in simulated ozone exposure (2000-2050) under RCP4.5 and RCP 8.5 (right)

Participation moss survey 2015/16 (item 1.1.1.12) HM: 36-38 (25); N: 13 (15); POPs: 8 (6) - In brackets: 2010/11 survey Rest of Europe (16) Rest Europe SEE Europe (8) EECCA (9) Others (3-5) AustriaN,POPs Italy-BolzanoN Albania Armenia CanadaN,POPs Czech Rep.N LatviaN,POPs Bulgaria Azerbaijan India (?) Denmark-Faroer Isl. NorwayPOPs Greece Belarus Mongolia EstoniaN PolandN Macedonia Georgia South Korea (?) FranceN Slovakia Romania Kazakhstan Vietnam GermanyN,POPs Spain Serbia Moldova IrelandN,POPs SwedenN,POPs SloveniaN Russian Fed. Iceland SwitzerlandN,POPs Turkey Tajikistan Ukraine-Crimea Blue: data submitted; N = also nitrogen data; POPs = also POPs data; Black: data expected Launch final report at 8th BioMAP1 workshop in Dubna, July 2018 1 Biomonitoring of Air Pollutants, with emphasis on trace elements

ICP Vegetation survey Short survey to assess the usefulness of ICP Vegetation outputs Responses: - 115 (26%) from 41 countries; 74% ICP Vegetation participants - academics/researchers (87%), policy advisors (9%), business associates (3%), others (1%) 94-98% of respondents use data, maps, manual, reports, brochures, website. Of them, more than 96% find the outputs useful – very useful, apart from brochures and web site, 84% and 91% find them useful – very useful. Outputs used for Percentage Effects research 90 Teaching 39 Policy development 24 Public engagement 22 Other 3 Keep up to date via 1) web site; 2) attending meetings; 3) e-mail Social media: 32% (blog for new developments) - 73% (twitter) would not find this useful Extended Bureau WGE, 20-21 March 2017, Geneva

Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) Outreach – TOAR and CCAC Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) Global metrics for climate change, human health and crop/ecosystem research Deliverables: 1) First TOAR based on the peer-reviewed literature and new analyses Database containing O3 exposure and dose metrics at thousands of measurement sites around world, freely accessible for research on global-scale impact of O3 on climate, human health and crop/ecosystem productivity (Gina Mills lead on ozone metrics for vegetation impacts) April-June 2017: Submit assessment report papers to Elementa (online journal) mid- to late 2017: Publication of papers and release of the data the public Climate and Clean Air Coalition: ICP Vegetation participated in expert workshop on ‘Metrics for evaluating and reporting on methane and BC interventions’, 16-17 March, Ottawa, Canada

TOAR members 220+ scientists from 36 nations, representing research on all 7 continents Extended Bureau WGE, 20-21 March 2017, Geneva

Future outreach activities Liaise with other bodies within LRTAP Convention and global initiatives contributing to UN’s ‘Sustainable Development Goals’ Further stimulating outreach activities and knowledge transfer (methodologies) to EECCA region, Asia, South America and Africa, making use of: TOAR network and data, HTAP ozone flux data and future scenarios App. to record ozone-induced leaf injury and ozone gardens Ozone critical levels methodology Mosses to estimate pollutant deposition (HM, N, POPs) Collate evidence of negative effects of ozone pollution on vegetation, heavy metal and nitrogen deposition to vegetation (e.g. mosses) and impacts in outreach regions Extended Bureau WGE, 20-21 March 2017, Geneva

Proposed medium-term workplan 2017: Workshop on ozone risk assessment methodology for developing countries (autumn) Update App to record ozone-induced visible leaf injury (with latest technology) 2018: Establish networks of participants in developing regions Collaboration with EMEP on improving and validating soil moisture index in model Report on current available evidence of ozone impacts on crops in developing regions Report on outcome of moss survey 2015/16 2019: Ozone risk maps for HTAP regions and scenarios Flux maps adapted for soil moisture limited areas (collaboration with EMEP/MSC-West) Report on networking activities, including first season field evidence ozone impacts Revised moss monitoring manual 2020 2020: Report on ozone impacts in developing regions (risk assessment, evidence, policy) Annual updates: SBDs Mapping Manual, ozone risk maps for LRTAP Convention, preparations 2020 moss survey, report on new scientific developments, contribution to common workplan items WGE/EMEP

http://icpvegetation.ceh.ac.uk Thank you! 30th ICP Vegetation Task Force meeting, 14 – 17 February 2017, Poznan, Poland 88 participants from 24 countries (including Albania, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Russian Federation) 31st ICP Vegetation Task Force meeting, 5 – 8 March 2018, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany Inyourpocket.com Thank you! Extended Bureau WGE, 20-21 March 2017, Geneva