The Imperial Republic Chapter 20

Reasons for Imperialism: The New Manifest Destiny Reasons for Imperialism:

Close of the Frontier: Worry about resources Need alternative sources abroad

Businessmen looking for new markets overseas Panic of 1893: Businessmen looking for new markets overseas $

Exports: 1870 $395,000,000 1890 $857,000,000 1900 $1,400,000,000

Alfred Thayer Mahan

The Influence of Sea Power upon History

US needs: *Productive Economy *Foreign Commerce *Strong Merchant Marine *Navy to Protect Trade Routes *Colonies for Raw Materials

Since US bound by two oceans: *Must become a sea power *CANAL!!!

Albert Jeremiah Beveridge

Steps to Imperialism

ALASKA *1867 *William Seward *$7.2 million *called Seward’s Folly

Midway 1867 Samoa 1878 Congress stops bid to get: Virgin Islands Santo Domingo

Hawaii

*US traders come in 1790 *missionaries follow 1820 *Planters come for sugar and fruits 1835

*1875 Trade agreement *1887 US gets rights to Pearl Harbor *Planters becoming economically powerful

Queen Liliuokalani

1893 Planters lead Revolt against Queen 5% of population Get help from Marines

Sanford

*Treaty of Annexation sent to the Senate by Harrison - blocked in Senate by Democrats

*Republic of Hawaii declared 1894 *McKinley gets treaty accepted in 1898 – worried about Great Britain

Colony of Spain since Columbus

*Cubans begin revolt in 1868 *new revolt starts in 1895 *Guerrilla war against economy *US has $50 million invested

General Weyler “The Butcher”

Yellow Journalism

William Randolph Hearst

Joseph Pulitzer

                                                                        USS Maine

USS Maine February 15,1898 252 killed

Teller Amendment-US would not take permanent control over Cuba April 25, 1898 Congress declares WAR! Teller Amendment-US would not take permanent control over Cuba

John Hay Sec. Of State “A splendid little war”

Spanish-American War 460 killed 5200 die of disease

Problems: *Raise troops *Supply troops *Transport Troops

Admiral George Dewey

Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt

Battle of Manila Bay

May 1, 1898 Spanish casualties: 381 American casualties: 1 killed 8 wounded

1st US Volunteer Cavalry Commander Leonard Wood

2nd in command:

Rough Riders lead charges up San Juan and Kettle Hills Spanish fleet destroyed fleeing Santiago Harbor Spanish surrender July 16

San Juan Hill

Treaty of Paris 1898 *Cuba independent *Guam & Puerto Rico to US *Philippines to US *US to pay $20 million

Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil 9th Earl & 3rd Marques of Salisbury

The Anti-Imperialists (Goo-Goos)

Andrew Carnegie

Mark Twain

Samuel Gompers

Grover Cleveland

Carl Schurz

Charles W. Eliot President of Harvard Called Lodge & TR degenerated sons of Harvard

Thomas Reed Speaker of the House “Czar” Reed

William Jennings Bryan

Reasons for Anti-Imperialism: *Against American Ideals *Cost *Lack of Benefits *Large Army & Navy *Race

Imperialists (Jingoes)

“We don’t want to fight, but by jingo, if we do, We’ve got the men, we’ve got the ships, we’ve got the money too.” Popular saying in England 1878

Senator Henry Cabot Lodge

AP sign-up February 1-27 Alfred Thayer Mahan

Brooks Adams

Henry Adams

Elihu Root

Theodore Roosevelt

Reasons for Imperialism *Economic Benefits *Defense *Altruism *Supremacy *Racism

Bryan tells Democratic Senators to vote for Treaty of Paris WHY???? Needs new campaign issue for 1900

*Bryan runs for Democrats Election of 1900 *Bryan runs for Democrats *Makes the Philippines the issue Bryan

Bryan 155 45.5% McKinley 292 51.7%

Why did Bryan lose? *Many like Imperialism *Growing economic prosperity *Republicans add a personality stronger than Bryan

Teddy is VP

Cuba *Army stays until 1902 *Commanded by Leonard Wood *Builds roads, hospitals, schools

Platt Amendment *US pressures Cuba to add to their Constitution can’t make treaties with other countries US gets naval station

- US has right to intervene to preserve independence - Cuba can’t have debt above ability to pay back

Why is America so concerned about Cuba? Canal

Why do the Goo Goos lose? Base too narrow Not consistent Look backwards, Jingos forward Out of touch Schurz 69 TR 40 Hoar 72 Lodge 48 Norton 71 Beveridge 36

Philippine War 1898-1902 4300 US deaths 50,000 Filipinos

Emilio Aguinaldo

General Arthur MacArthur

Mac Arthur feels more severe methods needed Execute prisoners Put people in camps

The Butcher

William Howard Taft names Governor of Philippines Will get Philippines ready for independence July 4, 1946

William Howard Taft

Open Door Policy

Boxer Rebellion