Your Community By the Numbers Idaho Hunger Summit Lia Bolden Data Dissemination Specialist U.S. Census Bureau October 28, 2016 Welcome! My Name is Lia Bolden, Data Dissemination Specialist with the U.S. Census Bureau. Today’s workshop is focusing on “The Power of Data” A look at Demographic, Economic and Housing Statistics: Wealth & Poverty

Agenda and Topics Census Bureau Geographies Data Visuals Data Tools (live demo) Demonstrations—census.gov; Census Explorer; QuickFacts; American FactFinder Questions and Evaluation Sources of Income and Poverty Data American Community Survey ACS Poverty and Income Datasets Small Area Income and Poverty and Health Insurance Estimates SAIPE and SAHIE Reports and Infographics Resources How would You Use the Data

What does the Census Bureau do? Decennial Census   Periodical Surveys Every 10 years, Counts Residents American Housing Survey (2015) American Community Survey (ACS) Annual Social, Economic and Housing data  Other Surveys and Censuses Current Population Survey (CPS) National Crime and Victimization Survey (NCVS) Health Interview Survey (HIS) Consumer Expenditure Survey (CE) Population Estimates Economic Census Census of Governments The Census Bureau's mission is to serve as the leading source of quality data about the nation's people and economy. http://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/surveys-programs.html

How is Census Data Used? Building a strategic plan Completing grant applications Reviewing a marketing plan Planning emergency management for any type of disaster Assessing trends over time Creating a business plan

Why Census Data is Important Helping Your Community Answer Questions … How many people live here? How has the number of people changed? How old or young are the people? What race and ethnicity are they? How well educated are the people? What languages do they speak? How many single parents? How many households are low-income?

10 Largest Federal Programs that use Population and Income data as factors Medical Assistance Program (Medicaid) Unemployment Insurance Highway Planning and Construction Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Federal Pell Grant Program Title 1 Grants to Local Educational Agencies Special Education Grants to States National School Lunch Program Head Start So which programs use census data to determine eligibility? Well that same report lists the top 10 federal programs that use census data as factors and I’m sure that most of you recognize most – if not all – of these programs. There’s Medicaid at the top, Unemployment Insurance…. ….Pell Grant Program, National School Lunch Program and the Head Start Program. So obviously there’s some pretty well-know programs that use our data.

Data Access Foundation Know Your Geography Know what Data Set Know What Story you are validating

Block level data only for Decennial Census Census Geography Hierarchy (with 2010 Statistical Area Criteria) Revised 03-27-13 Central axis describes a nesting relationship Geography is central to our work of the Census Bureau providing the framework for the census, and survey work. With connecting lines, the diagram shows the hierarchical relationships between geographic types. For example, a line extends from states to counties because a state is comprised of many counties, and a single county can never cross a state boundary.   If no line joins two geographic types, then an absolute and predictable relationship does not exist between them. For example, many places are confined to one county. However, some places extend over more than one county, such as New York City. Therefore, an absolute hierarchical relationship does not exist between counties and places, and any tabulation involving both these geographic types may represent only a part of one county or one place. Notice that many lines radiate from blocks, indicating that most geographic types can be described as a collection of blocks, the smallest geographic unit for which the Census Bureau reports data. However, only two of these lines also describe the path by which a block is uniquely named. That is, the path through the Block Group or through the Tribal Block Group. Block Groups Types of Place Cities and towns -- incorporated Census Designated Places (CDPs): - - Unincorporated; no size threshold - - Separate and distinct from city/town - - Redefined each census 600 to 3,000 population 240 to 1,200 housing units Blocks not defined by population Lowest geographic level for data Census Tracts 1,200 to 8,000 population (optimum 4,000) 480 to 3,200 housing units Block level data only for Decennial Census

Ada County, ID Places Orange= Census Designated Places or CDPs, your unincorporated parts of the county, and purple are your incorporated parts of the county—your cities and townships. Anything in white does not have “Place” level data but you can still get data for these areas at the Census Tract, zip code or county-wide levels of geography. GMU Center for Regional Analysis policy-cra.gmu.edu

Ada County, ID Census Tracts And here’s what your Census Tracts look like. This screen shot is taken from Tiger Web data-access tool on the Census website that I’ll demo that for you today, and from it you’ll see how you can get data for about a dozen ACS indicators using two editions of this tool. GMU Center for Regional Analysis policy-cra.gmu.edu

Zip Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTA)s Ada County, ID Zip Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTA)s And here’s what your ZCTA’s look like. GMU Center for Regional Analysis policy-cra.gmu.edu

Income Overview There are many American Community Survey tables which provide information on the income of people living in the United States. Even for releases of data collected over three or five years, income data is reported in inflation-adjusted dollars for the release year. Most income data is reported at the household level, but there are tables which are focused on family households, as well as some which report on individual income. There are also some tables which are particularly applicable to understanding income inequality, including one, B19083 which provides the Gini index for a place as its only column. Income is reported in a number of ways: as a median value, or as a series of medians for groups within a total population; as a number of people or households earning in a certain bracket; as well as a few other structures. Median Income Median incomes are reported by household, with subsets for only family households and also for nonfamily households. One table, B19326 reports median income for individuals by sex. For all of these tables, income refers to income for "the last 12 months" prior to the survey response.

Sources of Income and Poverty Data American Community Survey (ACS) Provides single and multi-year estimates for smaller areas Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) Provides longitudinal estimates Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) Provides model-based poverty estimates for counties and school districts

What is Income? Money Income” is the income received on a regular basis (excludes certain money such as capital gains and lump-sum payments) before payments for personal incomes taxes, social security, union dues, medicare deductions, etc. We ask questions about the funds a person receives from various sources to create statistics about income, earnings, and poverty. These estimates help gauge the need for economic assistance for populations in need (such as children and seniors), and measure the economic well-being of the nation. Income and poverty estimates are often part of allocation formulas that determine how food, health care, job training, housing and other assistance are distributed. Income questions originated with the 1940 Census, as a way to understand the financial situation of Americans in the wake of the Great Depression. Today, income estimates still help policy makers and others understand how such factors as where a person lives, the kind of work they do, and their education affect their earnings, and how those earnings compare to their housing costs (rent, mortgage, utilities, etc.). Income estimates are also vital for measuring poverty.

What is Considered Income? Income Sources Wages Salary Commissions Bonuses Tips Self-Employment income from nonfarm or farm businesses Interest Proprietorships and partnerships Dividends Net rental income Royalty income Income from estates and trusts Social Security Railroad retirement income Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Cash public assistance Welfare payments (state and local offices) Retirement Survivor or disability benefits Veteran (VA) payments Unemployment and/or worker’s compensation Child support and alimony

Income and Benefits - ACS Question

Compare Sources

Current Population Survey Current Population Survey (CPS) Serves as the nation’s primary source of statistics on labor force characteristics. The Annual Social and Economic Supplement provides the official annual statistics on the nation’s poverty levels as well as statistics on income, health insurance coverage, marital status, educational attainment, employee benefits, work schedules, school enrollment,  noncash benefits and migration. CPS Table Creator The CPS Table Creator gives you the ability to create customized tables from the Current Population Survey's Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC).

What is the ACS? A large national survey that uses continuous measurement methods to produce detailed population and housing estimates each year Designed to produce critical information that had previously come from the decennial census

ACS Content: Population SOCIAL Ancestry Citizenship & Year of Entry Disability Status Educational Attainment Field of Degree Health Insurance Grandparents Fertility Language Marital Status & History Place of Birth Migration Relationship School Enrollment Veteran Status Computer Ownership & Internet Access ECONOMIC Employment & Work Status Income & Earnings Industry & Occupation Class of Worker Commuting Poverty Status SNAP Receipt DEMOGRAPHIC Age & Sex Race & Hispanic Origin Red text shows indicators that are available both from the ACS and the 2010 decennial census. More than 69 indicators

Idaho Counties Median Household Income

Poverty

National 2014 Poverty Highlights Stats Official poverty rate 14.8 percent 46.7 million people in poverty Rate was 2.3 percentage points higher than in 2007 The year before the most recent recession Poverty rate for children under 18 21.1 percent from 19.9 percent in 2013 Poverty rate for people aged 18 to 64 was 13.5 percent For 65 years and over was 10.0 percent The poverty rate increased for people aged 25 and older with at least a bachelor’s degree The poverty rate increased for married-couple families

Poverty Following the Office of Management and Budget’s (OMB’s) Directive 14, the Census Bureau uses a set of “money income” thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who is in poverty. If the total income for a family or unrelated individual falls below the relevant poverty threshold, then the family (and every individual in it) or unrelated individual is considered in poverty.

2015 Poverty Thresholds Federal poverty thresholds in 2015 ranged from annual income of $12,331 for a one-person household to $24,036 for a family of four http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/data/threshld/index.html

Census Tracts—Percentage in Poverty: All People Ada County, ID Census Tracts—Percentage in Poverty: All People This time we’re mapping poverty looking roughly at the same areas. You might want to try to understand how or whether SNAP usage impacts poverty by studying these two variables together. ACS 2014 5-Year Estimates GMU Center for Regional Analysis policy-cra.gmu.edu

Census Tracts—Percentage of SNAP Recipients Ada County, ID Census Tracts—Percentage of SNAP Recipients Here’s a screenshot showing percentage of SNAP recipients in each Census tract in and around Boise. I’ve identified a handful of census tracts where percentage of SNAP usage is particularly high—according to the legend at least 26.6% and up to 40.3 % of these households use SNAP. ACS 2014 5-Year Estimates GMU Center for Regional Analysis policy-cra.gmu.edu

Census Tracts—Low Income and Low Access Ada County, ID Census Tracts—Low Income and Low Access This last map is from the USDA Food Access Research Atlas showing you Census tract 24.12, which according to the ACS data, was neither highest percentage in poverty or SNAP usage in the prior two slides but is identified here as being a low income/low access food area. USDA Food Access Research Atlas GMU Center for Regional Analysis policy-cra.gmu.edu

ACS Content: Housing Tenure Occupancy & Structure Housing Value Taxes & Insurance Utilities Mortgage/Monthly Rent What Percentage of their income are households spending to pay monthly mortgage payments or rent? What percentage of homes in my city are owner-occupied? How do households heat their homes? Red text shows indicators that are available both from the ACS and the 2010 decennial census. What’s the vacancy rate of rental units in my city?

Ada County, ID Census Tracts—Select Monthly Ownership Costs as a Percentage of Household Incomes And here’s what your Census Tracts look like. As you can tell from the variations in their area sizes, they are much larger along the eastern parts of the county, closer to Anne Arundel County—where populations are more spread out. Census tracts closer to the District of Columbia are smaller, where populations are denser. This particular screenshot shows you median household income by Census Tracts—and again farther east, the communities tend to be wealthier than closer to the District of Columbia. This screen shot is taken from Census Explorer—a data-access tool on the Census website that I’ll demo that for you today, and from it you’ll see how you can get data for about a dozen ACS indicators using two editions of this tool. You know that ACS has more than 69 different indicators, most of which you’ll have to use another tool, American FactFinder, to access and create maps of. I’ll demo that for you as well. ACS 2014 5-Year Estimates GMU Center for Regional Analysis policy-cra.gmu.edu

Population Thresholds for ACS Estimates 1-year estimates 3-year estimates 5-year estimates 65,000+ people X 20,000+ people Less than 20,000 people New Estimates Released Every Single Year September-December 33

American Community Survey Data Products—Poverty (partial) 1-Year 3-Year 5-Year DETAILED TABLES:   B17001--Poverty Status by Sex by Age X B17002—Ratio of Income to Poverty Level B17003—Poverty Status of Individuals by Sex by Educational Attainment B17004—Poverty Status of Individuals by Sex by Work Experience X  B17005—Poverty Status of Individuals by Sex by Employment Status B17006—Poverty Status of Related Children Under 18 Years by Family Type by Age of Related Children Under 18 Years B17007—Poverty Status of Unrelated Individuals 15 Years and Over by Sex by Age B17008—Aggregate Income Deficit (Dollars) of Unrelated Individuals by Sex B17009—Poverty Status by Work Experience of Unrelated Individuals by Householder Status B1710--Poverty Status of Families by Family Type by Presence of Related Children Under 18 Years by Age of Related Children GEOGRAPHIC COMPARISON TABLES: GCT1701—PERCENT OF PEOPLE BELOW POVERTY LEVEL IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (FOR WHOM POVERTY STATUS IS DETERMINED) GCT1702—PERCENT OF RELATED CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS BELOW POVERTY LEVEL IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS PROFILE TABLES: DP02-DP05 Data Profile—Social Characteristics Table (02), Economic Characteristics Table (03), Housing Characteristics Table (04), Demographic and Housing Characteristics Table (05)  X CP02-CP05--Comparison Data Profile—Social Characteristics Table (02), Economic Characteristics Table (03), Housing Characteristics Table (04), Demographic and Housing Characteristics Table (05)

American Community Survey Data Products—Income (partial) 1-Year 3-Year 5-Year DETAILED TABLES:   B19013—Median Household Income X B19019—Median Household Income by Household Size B19049—Median Household Income by Age of Householder B19113—Median Family Income X  B19119—Median Family Income by Family Size B19121—Median Family Income by Number of Earners in Family B19125—Median Family Income by Presence of Own Children Under 18 Years B19126—Median Family Income by Family Type by Presence of Own Children Under 18 Years B19202--Median Nonfamily Household Income B19215—Median Nonfamily Household Income by Sex of Householder by Living Alone by Age of Householder B19326—Median Income by Sex by Work Experience in the Past 12 Months for the Population 15 Years and Over With Income GEOGRAPHIC COMPARISON TABLES: GCT1901—MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME (IN 2014 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS) GCT1902—MEDIAN FAMILY INCOME (IN 2014 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS) PROFILE TABLES: DP02-DP05 Data Profile—Social Characteristics Table (02), Economic Characteristics Table (03), Housing Characteristics Table (04), Demographic and Housing Characteristics Table (05)  X CP02-CP05--Comparison Data Profile—Social Characteristics Table (02), Economic Characteristics Table (03), Housing Characteristics Table (04), Demographic and Housing Characteristics Table (05)

Data for Small and/or Rural Communities When searching for detailed information in small or rural communities, there are two programs that may be particularly helpful: the Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates and Small Area Health Insurance Estimates, also known as SAIPE and SAHIE, respectively.

Using Specific Data Tools: Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) Use this tool for: Yearly data for ALL counties Income + Poverty data for total population, children, and families Data for school districts Mapping capabilities The U.S. Census Bureau, with support from other Federal agencies, originally created the Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, or SAIPE, program to provide more current estimates of selected income and poverty statistics than the most recent decennial census. Since modeling produces estimates with reduced sampling error, the SAIPE program continues to annually produce single-year model-based estimates for all school districts, counties, and states. To use the SAIPE interactive tool, visit www.census.gov/did/www/saipe www.census.gov/did/www/saipe

Using Specific Data Tools: Small Area Health Insurance Estimates (SAHIE) Use this tool for: Yearly health insurance data for ALL counties Demographic coverage comparisons Mapping capabilities The Small Area Health Insurance Estimates, or SAHIE, program was created to develop model-based estimates of health insurance coverage for counties and states. This program builds on the work of the Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) program. SAHIE is only source of single-year health insurance coverage estimates for all U.S. counties. To use the SAHIE interactive data tool, please visit www.census.gov/did/www/sahie www.census.gov/did/www/sahie

The Census Bureau releases periodic, and in some cases annual reports about poverty, including the annual “Income and Poverty in the United States,” report that uses data from the Current Population Survey or CPS. The 2014 edition of this report was released in September. The Census Bureau has also released a report on the Supplemental Poverty Measure for the years 2010 through 2014.

The Census Bureau also has a great repository of infographics including two published in 2014 about Poverty. The first of these infographics charts the history of the Poverty Measure itself while the second diagrams how the Census Bureau measures Poverty. They were released to commemorate the 50th anniversary of President Johnson’s 1964 declaration of his “war on poverty.” http://www.census.gov/library/infographics.html?cssp=SERP

Data Dissemination: Resources at the Local Level Data Dissemination Specialists work in the local communities to demystify Census Bureau Data.

Data Dissemination Specialists Provide the following services at the local level: Data Trainings Hands-on Workshops Presentations Webinars Data Consultation In a nutshell, Data Dissemination Specialists, or DDSs, speak data and we communicate with others about Census Bureau data in English (and sometimes other languages) depending on the needs of our communities. Whether conducting one-on-one webinars with business start-ups, or conducting large scale presentations at Universities, we strive to put the public in touch with the data they need. Data Dissemination Specialists provide a wide variety of assistance. If you are interested in a specific type of training or presentation, please reach out to a specialist in your area.

There are 6 regional offices throughout the U. S There are 6 regional offices throughout the U.S. and roughly forty data dissemination staff throughout the country. You can contact Data Dissemination Specialists via the Census Bureau’s regional offices, as shown on this map.

Thank you Please Complete the Evaluation! Type of Event: Workshop/Training Lead Census Presenter: Lia Bolden Regional Location: Los Angeles Thank you

Regional Office Contact Information Los Angeles Regional Office 15350 Sherman Way, Suite 400 Van Nuys, CA 91406-4224 (818) 267-1700 or 1-800-992-3530 FAX: (818) 267-1711 TDD: (818) 904-6249 E-mail: Los.Angeles.Regional.Office@census.gov And, here you’ll find regional office contact information.

Contact Information Customer Services Call Center 1-800-923-8282 Submit a question or FAQ’s: https://ask.census.gov