Situational Leadership "Only those who dare to fail greatly can ever achieve greatly.” JFK 1 1 1 1 1

Overview Directive and Supportive Behavior Leadership Variables Situational Leadership II Model

Directive & Supportive Behavior

Directive/Task Behavior Involves: Clearly Telling People What to Do How to Do It Where to Do It When to Do It And Then Closely Supervising Their Performance

Supportive/Relationship Behavior Involves: Listening to People Providing Support and Encouraging Their Efforts Facilitating Their Involvement in Problem Solving and Decision Making

Leadership Variables

Leadership Variables Follower Boss Associates/Peers Organization Job Demands Time

Interim Summary Directive/Supportive Behavior Leadership Variables

Situational Leadership Model

S3 S1 S4 S2 D4 D1 D2 D3 THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES (High) Low Supportive and Low Directive Behavior High Directive and Low Supportive High Supportive High Supportive and DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF FOLLOWER(S) DEVELOPED DEVELOPING HIGH LOW MODERATE D4 D1 D2 D3 THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES DIRECTIVE BEHAVIOR (High) (Low) S U P O R T I V E B H A 8 18 18 18 18 18

Subordinate’s Development Level Competence: Task, Knowledge and Skills Commitment: Motivation and Confidence 9 19 19 19 19 19

Levels of Development D1 - “Enthusiastic Beginner” D2 - “Disillusioned Learner” D3 - “Reluctant Contributor” D4 - “Peak Performer” 15 25 25 25 25 25

Levels of Development D1 Low Competence, High Commitment “Enthusiastic Beginner”

Levels of Development D2 Some Competence, Low Commitment “Disillusioned Learner”

Levels of Development D3 Moderate to High Competence, Variable Commitment “Reluctant Contributor”

Levels of Development D4 High Competence, High Commitment “Peak Performer”

Levels of Development D1 - Low Competence, High Commitment “Enthusiastic Beginner” D2 - Some Competence, Low Commitment “Disillusioned Learner” D3 - Moderate to High Competence, Variable Commitment “Reluctant Contributor” D4 - High Competence, High Commitment “Peak Performer” 15 25 25 25 25 25

Development Level is Task Specific!

S3 S1 S4 S2 THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES D4 D1 D2 D3 Low Supportive and Low Directive Behavior High Directive and Low Supportive High Supportive High Supportive and THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES DIRECTIVE BEHAVIOR (High) (Low) S U P O R T I V E B H A DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF FOLLOWER(S) DEVELOPED DEVELOPING HIGH LOW MODERATE D4 D1 D2 D3 18 28 28 28 28 28

Directing High Directive, Low Supportive Leader Defines Roles of Followers Problem Solving and Decision Making Initiated by the Leader One-way Communication 19 29 29 29 29 29

S3 S1 S4 S2 THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES D4 D1 D2 D3 Low Supportive and Low Directive Behavior High Directive and Low Supportive High Supportive High Supportive and THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES DIRECTIVE BEHAVIOR (High) (Low) S U P O R T I V E B H A DEVELOPED DEVELOPING HIGH LOW MODERATE D4 D1 D2 D3 20 DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF FOLLOWER(S) 30 30 30 30 30

Coaching High Directive, High Supportive Leader Now Attempts to Hear Followers Suggestions, Ideas, and Opinions Two-way Communication Control Over Decision Making Remains With the Leader 21 31 31 31 31 31

S3 S1 S4 S2 THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES D4 D1 D2 D3 Low Supportive and Low Directive Behavior High Directive and Low Supportive High Supportive High Supportive and THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES DIRECTIVE BEHAVIOR (High) (Low) S U P O R T I V E B H A DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF FOLLOWER(S) DEVELOPED DEVELOPING HIGH LOW MODERATE D4 D1 D2 D3 22 32 32 32 32 32

Supporting High Supportive, Low Directive Focus of Control Shifts to Follower Leader Actively Listens Follower Has Ability and Knowledge to Do the Task 23 33 33 33 33 33

S3 S1 S4 S2 D4 D1 D2 D3 THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES Low Supportive and Low Directive Behavior High Directive and Low Supportive High Supportive High Supportive and DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF FOLLOWER(S) DEVELOPED DEVELOPING HIGH LOW MODERATE D4 D1 D2 D3 THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES DIRECTIVE BEHAVIOR (High) (Low) S U P O R T I V E B H A 24 34 34 34 34 34

Delegating Low Supportive, Low Directive Leader Discusses Problems With Followers Seeks Joint Agreement on Problem Definitions Decision Making Is Handled by the Subordinate They “Run Their Own Show” 25 35 35 35 35 35

S3 S1 S4 S2 D4 D1 D2 D3 THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES Low Supportive and Low Directive Behavior High Directive and Low Supportive High Supportive High Supportive and DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF FOLLOWER(S) DEVELOPED DEVELOPING HIGH LOW MODERATE D4 D1 D2 D3 THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES DIRECTIVE BEHAVIOR (High) (Low) S U P O R T I V E B H A 26 36 36 36 36 36

What Happens If We Have a Mismatch of Leadership Style With Development Level?

Increasing Follower Development Level Tell Them What You Want Them to Do Show Them What You Want Them to Do Let Them Try - There Is Some Risk Observe Performance - Focus on the Positive Manage the Consequences

Five Step to Training Winners Tell Them What You Want to Do Show Them What You Want to Do Let Them Try – There is Some Risk Observe Performance – Focus on the Positive Manage the Consequences

(S3 and S4) and Still Get High Quality Results. The Leader’s Goal Build Your Follower’s Development Level So You Can Start Using Less Time-consuming Styles (S3 and S4) and Still Get High Quality Results.

Situational Leadership is not something you do “TO” people but something you do “WITH” people.

SUMMARY Directive and Supportive Behavior Leadership Variables Situational Leadership II Model "Opportunity is missed by most people because it is dressed in overalls and looks like work." -- Thomas Edison

"Washington [D.C.] is a city of Southern efficiency and Northern charm." JFK