Labor

Employment Requirements Work one hour for pay Work 15 or more hours/no pay ex-family business or farm Hold jobs but don’t work due to illness, vacation, labor disputes

Unemployment

Unemployment For Statistics: Must be looking for work Full Time Students are not counted Stay at Home Moms-not counted Those who give up-not counted

Bureau of Labor Statistics Vital ?’s How many people are in the labor force? How many people are employed + unemployed?

Occupational Trends

Occupational Trends From the days of the founding fathers till the 1800’s farming was the way to go In the 1800’s the north began to shift to industry Textiles Small Factories

The Industrial Revolution

Heavy Manufacturing + Big Business John D. Rockefeller-Standard Oil Controlled 90% of oil

Andrew Carnegie Carnegie Steel Vertical Consolidation

Henry Ford The Assembly Line

The 50’s Trends shifted towards Electronics Radio TV

New Companies GE Westinghouse Carrier Goodyear

General Electric 1890 Edison General Electric Company 1892 merged with the Thompson-Houston Electric Company Together they controlled hundreds of vital patents 1896 one of the originals on the Dow Jones 1911 Nela Park Ohio-first Industrial Park

GE Founded RCA and ATT for radio and communications

GE Today The largest Conglomerate in America Conglomerate-a huge company that owns or controls several other companies Companies controlled by GE include: NBC GE Industrial-plastics, GE Infrastructure GE Electronics

The 70’s IBM-Computers

Service Economy Today the U.S. relies on Service Industries Financial Services Online Services Marketing Advertising

International Competition As service jobs increase, manufacturing jobs decrease These jobs are going overseas New skills are needed to compete

The Old Days 1950’s: Typical Worker White Man High School Degree 40 hr a week job Retired at 65

Now Everyone works Most adults will have at least 5 jobs Retirement and pensions are harder to find Average wages are lower

Labor and Wages Unskilled Labor Semi-Skilled Labor Skilled Labor Professional Labor

Unskilled Labor No special training or skills Hourly Wage Dishwashers Messengers Farm or Factory Work

Semi-Skilled Labor Minimal Skills and Education Hourly Wage Word Processor Short Order Cook Construction

Skilled Labor Specialized ability and training Operate complicated equipment Little Supervision Most likely hourly pay Mechanics Plumbers Firefighters Chefs

Professional Labor Advanced Skills and Education “White-Collar” Salary Managers Teachers Doctors Lawyers Actors Athletes

Wage Discrimination Woman often earn less than men

Organized Labor Unions-exist to help working people receive fair wages, benefits, and working conditions

AFL Founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886 Craft Unions Skilled Workers Merged with CIO in 1955

Knights of Labor 1869-Knights of Labor founded by Uriah Stevens Later led by Terrance Powderly Ultimately fails do to violent strikes that were crushed by the government Also the AFL will be founded-more focused on skilled labor

The Haymarket Riot

Haymarket Riot 11 dead 50 Injured Anti-Union feeling results Anarchy See Handout

Pullman Strike

Pullman 50,000 workers went on strike Were angry at a 25% wage cut Building were torched Federal Gov’t put a stop to this 13 killed, 57 wounded Grover Cleveland said this was ok because the strike was interfering with the mail See Handout

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory

Strikes of 1919 3,000 Strikes Linked to Communism Red Scare

Yellow-Dog Contracts Agreements in workers pledged not to join unions Outlawed in 1932

The New Deal The Wagner Act-allowed for collective bargaining 1935 FDR Fair Labor Act-minimum wage, banned child labor, overtime pay required

Cesar Chavez Farm workers Union