Unit 4: Sustainability Study Guide Answer Key

Define 1.) Kinetic Energy – energy of motion 2.) Potential Energy – energy that is stored 3.) Chemical Energy – energy that is stored in the bonds of chemcial 4.) Biofuels – need energy, fertilizer and cropland to produce

5.) Radiation – the transfer of light energy from the Sun to the Earth 6.) Nuclear Fusion – the way the Sun creates power/energy 7.) Nuclear Fission – powers the Earth’s internal heat 8.) Placers – are valuable minerals found in stream deposits

9.) Net Energy – the amount of usable energy available from a resource after subtracting the amount of energy needed to make the energy

Short Answer 1.) Explain the Law of Conservation of Energy. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it will just change forms. 2.) When a roller coaster is at the top of the hill about to go down, what type of energy does it have? potential energy

3.) Explain the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources. Give examples of each. Non-renewable – will eventually run out, have a limited amount Example: Coal, Oil, Natural Gas, Nuclear Energy Renewable – will never run out, could turn into non-renewable if not taken care of properly. Examples: Solar, Geothermal, Wind, Hydro, Forest 4.) What is fuel? What does it do? Gives some examples of fuel. Fuel – any material that can release energy in a chemical change. What does it do – help you kick a soccer ball, stores energy, releases energy Examples -

5. ) What makes an energy source useful 5.) What makes an energy source useful? be able to be turned into a useful form of energy, produce significantly more energy than it takes to produce it, and not produce large amounts of pollutants. 6.) Fossil fuels come from ________. Fossils or ancients organisms

7. ) What do we use oil to produce 7.) What do we use oil to produce? Waxes, plastics, fertilizer, and other products 8.) Wood is an example of what type of energy? Biomass Energy

9. ) What state of matter would you find hydrocarbons 9.) What state of matter would you find hydrocarbons? Solid, Liquids, Gases 10.) What are coal reserves? A coal deposit that is not economical to mine today

11. ) What fossil fuel is composed of mainly methane. Natural Gas 12 11.) What fossil fuel is composed of mainly methane? Natural Gas 12.) What fossil fuel produces the least amount of carbon dioxide per unit of energy?

13. ) What types of energy is the Sun responsible for 13.) What types of energy is the Sun responsible for? Solar, wind, biomass, and fossil fuels 14.) Why do people object (sometimes) to hydroelectric power plants? A reservoir may bury natural or cultural resources

15. ) How is wind power created. comes indirectly from solar energy 16 15.) How is wind power created? comes indirectly from solar energy 16.) What gases are produced when gasoline is burned? water vapor and carbon dioxide

17.) To be useful, oil must be located in a(n) __________ rock layer and trapped by a(n) _________ rock layer. permeable, impermeable 18.) What is the primary barrier for the US to not use solar energy? solar power is not economically competitive with other energy sources

19. ) Explain how energy from a nuclear power plant produces power 19.) Explain how energy from a nuclear power plant produces power. heats water to create steam, which spins a turbine, which turns a generator 20.) Where could you harness geothermal energy? Anywhere on Earth

21. ) Why could algae be an excellent source of power 21.) Why could algae be an excellent source of power? algae can grow in many places where food is not grown 22.) Where are the two locations that the Earth gets its energy from? Sun and internal heat

23.) True or False: Soil erosion has been accelerated by human activity. True 24.) What are the agents of soil erosion? Water, Wind, Gravity,

25. ) Explain how trees can prevent soil erosion 25.) Explain how trees can prevent soil erosion. Trees keep the wind from blowing hard through an area, the leaves keep rain from striking the ground hard, roots of the trees hold the soil together 26.) What does the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 say? that companies show the government that they’ve disposed of wastes properly

27. ) What does the Superfund Act of 1980 require business to do 27.) What does the Superfund Act of 1980 require business to do? pay to clean up the pollution they created 28.) When will an ore be mined? when it is profitable

29.) Nations with an abundance of a resource usually do what with the resource? Export excess resources 30.) What type of energy has the highest net-energy ratio? Solar Energy

31. ) What are ways that an industry can save energy 31.) What are ways that an industry can save energy? The equipment needs to be designed to be efficient 32.) When Country A needs a resource and Country B has it, what happens? They could go to war over it Country A will import it Country B will export it

33. ) What does conservation of energy allow to happen for our future 33.) What does conservation of energy allow to happen for our future? Allows for energy needs to be met by using the least expensive and most practical way to do this 34.) List some ways that residential areas can use less energy. Turn off lights when not in use, only run appliances when necessary, use a fan instead of an air conditioner

35. ) What does the cost of an energy source depend on 35.) What does the cost of an energy source depend on? the cost of equipment needed to harness it, the cost of transporting it, the energy efficiency 36.) True or False: A renewable resource can be used so that it becomes a non-renewable resource. TRUE

37. ) Wildlife is an example of what type of resource 37.) Wildlife is an example of what type of resource? a renewable resource that can become nonrenewable 38.) What does a high net energy ratio mean about an energy source? it produces more energy than it takes to be harnessed