Ayesha Khan Marina Hafza River Indus Ayesha Khan Marina Hafza

We will know about Origin History Area Uses Barrages Wildlife Pollution

Origin Indus River originates in the Tibetan plateau which is an autonomous region. Starting from the Lake Mansarovar, this river enters Ladakh(region of Jammu and Kashmir which is an occupied territory by India). Indus then enters Pakistan through the north and then it travel throughout the country, at the end, the Indus River falls in the Arabian Sea near the famous port of Karachi.

History The Indus valley civilization was an ancient civilization located in what is Pakistan and northwest India today, on the fertile flood plain of the Indus River and its vicinity. Evidence of religious practices in this area date back approximately to 5500 BCE. By 2600 BCE, dozens of towns and cities had been established, and between 2500 and 2000 BCE the Indus valley Civilization was at its peak.

Mohenjo daro Mohenjo daro and Harappa were an important civilization on the river indus.

Mohen-jo- Daro had…. A central marketplace A large central well. Individual households Great bath Underground furnace Streets Storage system

Area of river Indus The Indus River is a major south-flowing river in south Asia The total length of the river is 3,180 km (1,980 mi) which makes it one of longest rivers in Asia.

Uses In Pakistan the Indus is extensively used for irrigation and hydroelectric-power generation.

Irrigation Irrigation System on The Indus River: There are 6 main barrages on the Indus river which provide water for 18 major canals. As Pakistan has the largest canal system in the world, Indus is the major source of this vast irrigation system as it provides water for Sindh and Punjab agricultural areas. The world’s largest earth filled dam (Tarbela Dam) is also built on this river. This river is the lifeline of the economy of Pakistan as it provide water for those fertile areas which provide food items to the country. These food items not only feed the nationals of the country but also they are exported to the other countries of the world. Being an agricultural country, Pakistan is fed by this river through a powerful and wider spread canal system.

Dam on river Indus Tarbela dam is on the river Indus.

Barrages on River Indus Barrages of Indus River: Jinnah Barrage (Feeds 2 major Canals) Chashma Barrage (Feeds 2 major Canals) Taunsa Barrage (Feeds 2 major Canals) Guddu Barrage (Feeds 3 major Canals) Sukkar Barrage (Feeds 7 major Canals) Ghulam Muhammad Barrage (Feeds 4 major Canals) Sukkar barrage is commonly known as Sindh barrage whereas Ghulam Mohammad barrage is commonly known as Kotri barrage.

Images of Sukkar barrage A barrage is an artificial obstruction build on river to increase the dept of water.

Wildlife in river Indus The blind Indus river dolphin (Platanista indicus minor) is a sub-species of dolphin found only in the Indus River. It formerly also occurred in the tributaries of the Indus river. According to the World Wildlife Fund it is one of the most threatened cetaceans with only about 1,000 still existing.

Pollution in the river Over the years factories on the banks of the Indus River have increased levels of water pollution in the river and the atmosphere around it. High levels of pollutants in the river have led to the deaths of endangered Indus River Dolphin. There are concerns that extensive deforestation, industrial pollution and global warming are affecting the vegetation and wildlife of the Indus delta, while affecting agricultural production as well.