COSTS OF WILDLIFE-DAMAGE TO AIRCRAFT Size and weight of the bird Aircraft speed Engine type Diameter of inlet Power setting of the engine Exact location of the strike on the aircraft  

Three-quarters of bird strikes involve the wing or engines, but they can damage nearly any part of an airplane.

COST OF AIRCRAFT BY STRIKING BIRDS Direct costs The direct costs refer to those incurred within the repair or replacement of broken parts, and include the actual price of the parts, labor and the overhead cost related with the labor. Indirect costs Indirect costs are impacted by the extent of damage to the aircraft, distance from the operator’s closest repair base, size of the airline fleet and the operator’s type of business. Transporting replacement components and mechanics to the site Replacement aircraft Missed connections and re-booking passengers on alternate flights Accommodation and meal costs for repair crews

COST OF AIRCRAFT BY STRIKING BIRDS Ancillary costs Ancillary costs square measure are incurred by the airport owner or operator, regulatory authorities, other airport users and emergency-response agencies that must deal with the results of bird or mammal strikes. Airport emergency response Runway closures Runway clean-up and repairs Flight arrival and departure delays Administration of regulatory agencies involved with bird and wildlife hazards Additional fuel used by aircraft during delays Airport wildlife-management programs

WILDLIFE-STRIKE PREVENTION Airports around the world are using many different bird strike prevention methods. Prevention methods vary widely because no two airports are the same. There are some common method for wildlife-strike. Shooting Birds Shooting not only directly reduces the number of birds on airport properties by killing them, but also scares other birds away with noise and the sight of dying birds. Egg Oiling This method commonly used for Canadian geese, Because Canadian Geese pose such a threat to airplanes. They oiled geese eggs with vegetable oil to prevent hatching. Overhead Netting and Grid Line A promising technology for airports near wetlands is the use of overhead grid line systems. These grids of wires, suspended at least 1.5 meters above the ground, can cover lengths up to 675 meters Avian Radar Avian radar specifically tracks the movements of birds and give information data.

WILDLIFE-STRIKE PREVENTION Predators: In the past, airports have tried introducing natural predators to scare off flocks of smaller birds. . Trained raptors, such as gyrfalcons, eagles, and peregrine falcons are released by falconers to scare away resident birds. Drones: Some airports have experimented with remote controlled planes or drones. Drones act like other predatory birds to scare birds away. It also used by pyrotechnics or noise making devices to scare birds away. Landscape Management : Managing the landscape surrounding the airport limits or removes the attractiveness of the airport to birds. Lights on aircrafts: The lighting fixtures could offer an in advance warning so the birds can discover and avoid the aircraft.