Cyfnewidfa Cydraddoldeb a Hawliau Dynol Digwyddiad Rhanbarthol Equality and Human Rights Exchange Regional Event 13 September 2016, Disability Sport Wales 15 September 2016, Glyndwr University 20 September, Swansea University

Agenda 9.30 Tea and Coffee 10.00 Welcome 10.10 Update on the working of the EHRC Kerry Wakefield, EHRC Wales 10.30 Attitudes and Behaviour Paul Hossack, EHRC Wales 12.00 Lunch 13.00 Hate Crime / PSED Kerry Wakefield/Paul Hossack, EHRC Wales 14.15 Creating a faith friendly workplace for Muslim people / PSED Kerry Wakefield/Paul Hossack, EHRC Wales 15.30 Tea and coffee networking 15.40 End

EHRC Wales Work Programme Is Wales Fairer? Pregnancy and Maternity Annual Equality and Human Rights Exchange Conference Political Update – Who Runs Wales Housing Inquiry Race / Hate Crime Report

EHRC Wales Work Programme Manifesto for Change Website Wales Review Access to Justice PSED Creating a Friendly workplace for Muslim People

Prejudice and unlawful behaviour Equality and Human Rights Exchange

Overview Context and aims of the work Prejudice and unlawful behaviour Equality and Human Rights Exchange, Wales Overview Context and aims of the work Stage one: evidence gathering and key findings Stage two: develop, test and learn 02

Context and aims Presentation name Equality and Human Rights Exchange, Wales Context and aims 03

Context and aims of the work Prejudice and unlawful behaviour Equality and Human Rights Exchange, Wales Context and aims of the work Current insights into how prejudice can lead to discrimination, identity-based harassment and violence across protected characteristics. Identify ‘successful’ approaches to changing unlawful behaviour. Inform how the Commission and other key agencies can reduce prejudice and unlawful behaviour. A two-stage project Stage one: evidence gathering Stage two: develop, test and learn ‘what works’ with key partners 04

Phase one Evidence and key findings Presentation name Equality and Human Rights Exchange, Wales Phase one Evidence and key findings 05

Stage one: evidence gathering Prejudice and unlawful behaviour Equality and Human Rights Exchange, Wales Stage one: evidence gathering Based on a systematic literature review, which looked at evidence from Great Britain (between 2005 and 2015) on three topics: What is the relationship between prejudice and unlawful discrimination, identity-based harassment and violence? What is the prevalence of unlawful behaviour based on prejudice? ‘What works’ to prevent or respond to unlawful behaviour related to prejudice? The report uses a set of criteria to assess the robustness of evaluations. These tell us how confident we can be in what each evaluation tells us about ‘what works’. This helps us to understand where to focus during stage two of the work. 06

Prejudice and unlawful behaviour Equality and Human Rights Exchange, Wales 1. What is the relationship between prejudice and unlawful discrimination? Prejudice can be direct and explicit…or subtle and indirect. Prejudice involves different elements. These affect the settings in which discrimination can arise and the forms it can take. Some elements are: Categorisation and stereotypes, emotions, social norms, and the wider social context are just some elements that can play a role. There is little direct evidence that directly maps individuals’ values and attitudes on the one hand and particular acts of discrimination on the other. However, there is a lot of theory and international evidence that supports that these values, prejudice and behaviour are connected. Prejudice is important, but it’s not the only factor in whether or not individuals take part in discrimination or identity-based harassment or violence towards a person or group of people. 07

2. How prevalent is discrimination? Prejudice and unlawful behaviour Equality and Human Rights Exchange, Wales 2. How prevalent is discrimination? Different sources of evidence give us a varied picture of prevalence. Police recorded data Surveys Academic studies Clear evidence that all people with protected characteristics are exposed to discrimination, some of which is unlawful The quantity and quality of evidence of discrimination is very uneven and varied, and it is more plentiful for some protected characteristics than others. There was less evidence on prevalence for Wales only, compared to that for England and Wales combined (e.g., police recorded hate crimes) This makes it very difficult to confidently judge the levels of prejudice and discrimination experienced by people with and who share different protected characteristics in different countries in GB. 09

Prejudice and unlawful behaviour Equality and Human Rights Exchange, Wales 3. What are effective ways to prevent or respond to discriminatory behaviour? The review captured 18 different interventions that had been used to reduce or prevent discrimination, including the following unique to Wales: Most happened in educational settings (for example, schools) Most used some form of contact between different groups. This ranged from real face-to-face relationships to imagined situations A lack of (robust or any) evaluation prevents understanding of what works, when, and for whom. Evaluations need to be ‘well evidenced’ so that we can learn from them. However, there can be barriers to robust evaluation including time, resources and expertise. 11

Prejudice and unlawful behaviour Equality and Human Rights Exchange, Wales 3. What are effective ways to prevent or respond to discriminatory behaviour? Some interventions tested in Wales: 2008: The use of a virtual learning environment to support students to discuss racism with other students in the USA and South Africa showed increased knowledge and understanding of racism. 2013: A local campaign in Caerphilly – Age really IS just a number! used an exhibition of images to challenge age stereotypes, which led to higher awareness of the impact of stereotypes on how we think about age. 2015: KiVa pilot (Wales). This programme addresses identity-based bullying in schools more generally by building social and friendship skills, rather than focusing on specific protected characteristics. 12

Suggestions for research and policy Prejudice and unlawful behaviour Scotland, without prejudice? 12/9/2016 Suggestions for research and policy Data and measurement Better quality and standard of measurement More research is needed on the perspectives of perpetrators Development of a framework that brings together comparable objectives across different protected characteristics Improve the strength and quality of evaluations Developing interventions and assessing what works Greater insight is needed into which interventions might work best The effectiveness of future interventions should ideally be evaluated to high standards within one setting before applying them to others More work is needed to establish the advantages of interventions that take a more general approach to reducing prejudice 13

Stage two Develop, test and learn Prejudice and unlawful behaviour Equality and Human Rights Exchange, Wales Stage two Develop, test and learn 15

Stage two: develop, test and learn Prejudice and unlawful behaviour Equality and Human Rights Exchange, Wales Stage two: develop, test and learn Test out approaches through pilots and summarise the learning to inform future action by the Commission and other key agencies Work with key partners to develop, test and learn ‘what works’ to reduce unlawful behaviour. Pilots will be selected that will allow us to learn more about what is effective, what is transferable, and what is scalable. Identify key partners and strategic projects 3-6 month pilots Evaluate along key outcome measures 16

Discussion How do these findings resonate with you What is the same and what is different? What interventions are your organisations (or other organisations) doing or planning to do, and will the impact of these be evaluated? What tools should EHRC develop during the next stage of the project, and what should be test?

Thank you wales@equalityhumanrights.com Prejudice and unlawful behaviour Equality and Human Rights Exchange Thank you wales@equalityhumanrights.com 17