Efficacy and side effects of intraoperative analgesia with intrathecal bupivacaine and levobupivacaine: a retrospective study in 82 dogs Diego Sarotti,

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Efficacy and side effects of intraoperative analgesia with intrathecal bupivacaine and levobupivacaine: a retrospective study in 82 dogs Diego Sarotti, Roberto Rabozzi, Federico Corletto Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia Volume 38, Issue 3, Pages 240-251 (May 2011) DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00608.x Copyright © 2011 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Cumulative sum (Cusum) analysis of failure rate in spinal anaesthesia. (a) = Cusum chart increases through seven successive boundary lines (h0—1: 2.71) in the first 66 attempts and then changed the trend. The failure rate for this series between 1 to 66 is 23/66 (35%), while the total failure rate is 29/115 (25%). (b) = Between case 67 to 115 Cusum has not crossed any boundary. The null hypothesis cannot be accept or rejected. The failure rate for this series is 6/49 (12%). Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2011 38, 240-251DOI: (10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00608.x) Copyright © 2011 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Incidence of cardiovascular response (CR) as % of the number of dogs in each different surgical category. For definitions of the categories see Table 1. The odds ratio (95% CI) for CR in the presence of different types of surgery showed a significant event risk reduction in CS versus OV (OR 0.133, 95% CI 0.024–0.726, p = 0.019) and CS versus HLS (OR 0.181, 95% CI 0.035–0.922, p = 0.020). Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2011 38, 240-251DOI: (10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00608.x) Copyright © 2011 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Box plot of local anaesthetic median dose related to body mass in dogs which showed a cardiovascular response to surgery (group CR) and those that did not (group NCR). There was no difference in median local anaesthetic (LA) dose based on body mass (p > 0.05). Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2011 38, 240-251DOI: (10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00608.x) Copyright © 2011 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Box plot of local anaesthetic median dose related to spinal length in CR and NCR group. There was no difference in median LA dose based on spinal length (p > 0.05). For group definitions, see Fig. 3. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2011 38, 240-251DOI: (10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00608.x) Copyright © 2011 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Box plot of local anaesthetic median dose related to body mass (mg kg−1) in group CR versus group NCR for different types of surgery (CAS, CS, OV, HLS). For group definitions see Fig. 3, and for definitions of surgery types, Table 1. There was no difference in median LA dose based on body mass (p > 0.05). NA = not applicable because of low sample size. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2011 38, 240-251DOI: (10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00608.x) Copyright © 2011 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Box plot of local anaesthetic median dose related to spinal length (cm kg−1) in group CR compared to group NCR for different types of surgery (CAS, CS, OV, HLS). For group definitions see Fig. 3, and for definitions of surgery types, Table 1. In HLS surgery, median CR dose related to spinal length was different between group CR and non group NCR (p = 0.022). NA = not applicable because of low sample size. For group definitions see Fig. 3, and Table 1. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2011 38, 240-251DOI: (10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00608.x) Copyright © 2011 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Terms and Conditions