Road Safety Tools for Road Authorities African Development Bank Abidjan October 2016 Nazir Alli

+/- 750 000 km Overview Pillar 2: Safer Roads and Mobility Pillar 4: Safe Road User Pillar 5: Post-Crash Responses

+/- 22 000 km

National Road Network The +/- 22 000 km represents only 2.9 % of the 750 000 km of RSA network but carries 33,1% of all traffic, and more than 70% of all long distance road freight.

Road Safety Status in South Africa 2009: 13 738 Fatalities Drivers: 4 066 Passengers: 5 023 Pedestrians: 4 678 Pedestrian 34% Drivers 30% Passengers 36% Contributory Factors to Crashes Vehicle Factor 9% Human Factor 83% Road & Environmental 8%

SANRAL Road Safety National Road Network World Class Road Infrastructure High Design Standards incorporates safety features Rural 2-lane Major Freeways

SANRAL Road Safety National Road Network Routine Road Maintenance Contracts Every meter of the National Road Network is covered Daily route patrols Grass Cutting, Fence repairs, removal of debris, etc Pothole: 48 hour turnaround Ensure a safe environment for road users 14

Accommodating the needs of all our road users SANRAL Road Safety Key Road Safety Challenges Different types and needs of road users Vulnerable Road Users Accommodating the needs of all our road users

Schools and Built up areas < 2 km from the R61 E.g. R61 Eastern Cape Schools and Built up areas < 2 km from the R61

National Road Network Safe Systems Approach Massive Infrastructure Investment Role of Infrastructure in Road Safety is proven UN Decade of Action : Global Plan Safe Systems Approach

Safe Systems Approach Despite all efforts to prevent crashes, road users will remain fallible and crashes will occur. Safe System approach is to ensure that in the event of a crash, the impact energies remain below the threshold likely to produce either death or serious injury. It stresses that those involved in the design of the road transport system need to accept and share responsibility for the safety of the system, and those that use the system need to accept responsibility for complying with the rules and constraints of the system.

Role of System Designers Safe Systems Approach Role of System Designers Rules and Constraints Human Error versus Human Fault Compliant Society Road Safety Competes on a Hierarchy of Social Needs What is the reality? Infrastructure supporting better road user compliance

“Conventional Road Safety Engineering Thinking” Human Factors 93% Vehicle Factors 13% Road Environment Factors 34%

Important Role of Infrastructure

Pillar 2: Safer Roads and Mobility Engineering interventions guided by Leading Fatal and Serious Injury Crash Types Vulnerable Road Users Specifically Pedestrians Vehicular Crashes Intersections Head on collisions Single vehicle (run off road type)

Pillar 2: Safer Roads and Mobility Engineering Priorities: Pedestrians Genuine need for pedestrians to cross or travel along major routes. Vulnerable Road Users: Pedestrians Poorest of the poor - Captive Road Users Poor land use planning resulting in unsafe desire lines

The Case for Pedestrians Genuine need for pedestrians to cross or travel along major routes. Vulnerable Road Users Captive Road Users - Poorest of the poor Poor land use planning resulting in unsafe desire lines

Retrofit existing infrastructure A Safer Place to Walk After Before In some cases the road space can be shared by modifying the road environment.

Retrofit existing infrastructure A Safer Place to Cross

Pillar 2: Safer Roads and Mobility Road Network Assessment Method to determine road safety risk - mitigate Network Level Tool Overcome limited accurate crash data available Inform where to intervene and invest Highest Return for our Road Safety Investment Develop a Model that other Road Authorities can use

Pillar 2: Safer Roads and Mobility NetSafe© Identify and prioritize locations where road safety improvements and/or interventions are likely to be most effective Locations for further investigations Further safety investigations must be undertaken at a particular site in order to: To identify appropriate safety improvements Cost efficiency of safety improvements Other remedial measures such as Road safety education and awareness, and traffic law enforcement, that could compliment engineering/infrastructure interventions

Risk Index Ri = RL + ∑ RP ∆ L NetSafe© Where: Ri = Risk index per km road length RL = Risk index related to length-based factors (per km) RP = Risk Index related to point-based factors (e.g. intersections) ∆L = Length of section road (e.g. 10 m)

RL = FS x RLO X F1L X F2L ..... RP = FS x RPO X F1P X F2P ..... NetSafe© RL = FS x RLO X F1L X F2L ..... Where: RL = Risk index related to length based factors FS = Adjustment factor for accident severity RLO = Baseline risk index per km road length F1L, F2L = Length based accident factors RP = FS x RPO X F1P X F2P ..... Where: RP = Risk index related to point based factors FS = Adjustment factor for accident severity RPO = Baseline risk index per point F1P, F2P = Point based accident factors

Road Safety Education Programme Road Safety in Schools Integrated with Road Safety Infrastructure Projects in Communities Road Safety not part of the Curriculum However, it can be a Theme to a Lesson, e.g. English, Mathematics With the permission of the DOE, we train and resource Educators at selected schools

Safe Routes to School Project How it works? Competition Format Each school is represented by a group of Grade 10 learners Basic Research Skills Identify a road safety concern within their community Research the road safety problem Identify a solution Present and motivate why their solution is the best

Safe Routes to School Project Fierce competition and very high standards Judging Panel comprised Road Safety Engineers and Professionals All 4 Finalist road safety proposals refined and implemented

Use of Technology Background - Historically Road Authorities focused only on infrastructure to meet growing traffic needs - Shift towards Network - Management and Operations - Technology to Optimize use of the Network Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Freeway Management System (FMS)

How does FMS works ? Real –time traffic data CCTV Surveillance Information is processed FMS Operations Centre Information Dissemination

Emergency Services dispatched Traffic flow back to normal Benefits of FMS Minimise Road User Costs Reduce length of Incident Timeline Life Death Accident happens --- Traffic flow disrupted Accident reported Emergency Services dispatched Arrive on scene Leave scene Traffic flow back to normal Incident Timeline

Real Time Information Dissemination Responded to > 800 incidents on the freeways Extensively used for event planning Major Events, e.g. SWC, Air Show Road / Lane Closures, (Athlone Cooling Towers Demolition / Construction)

Engineering / Infrastructure Interventions Engineering / Infrastructure

Conclusion Role of Rod Safety Audits - Proactive means of ensuring provision of road infrastructure, that is more forgiving, self-explaining, meets the needs of all road users. - Promotes a culture of road safety among Designers - Promoting Safe System Philosophy > Maximise the safety of the road system > Special emphasis on high risk issues (fatal and serious injury crashes)

Thank You !