Male Reproductive System Chapter 29 Lesson 1

Functions & Structure of the MRS During the teen years, hormones released by the pituitary gland stimulate the testes to begin producing the male sex hormone – testosterone. It is testosterone that initiates physical changes, including broadening of the shoulders, development of muscles, facial and other body hair, and deepening of the voice. Testosterone also causes the production of sperm (male reproductive cells). Once a male is physically mature, he is capable of manufacturing sperm for the rest of his life. 2 main functions: 1. production of sperm 2. transfer of sperm to females body during sexual intercourse

External Male Reproductive Organs Testes (two small glands that produce sperm) Singular – testicle Produce sperm at a rate of 100 million per day. Hang outside the body in a sac called the scrotum. Serves to protect the sperm by keeping the testes at a temperature slightly below the normal body temp at 98.6. Heat in the area from laptop/tight fitting pants are believed to interfere with the natural cooling of the testicles. Penis (tube-shaped organ attached to the trunk of the body just above the testes). Composed of spongy tissue that contains many blood vessels. Through arousal blood flow increases causing the penis to become enlarged/erect.

Penis Continued… At the height of sexual arousal, a serious of muscular contractions known as ejaculation may occur. During ejaculation, semen (a thick fluid containing sperm and other secretions) is propelled from the penis. If this happens during sexual intercourse, fertilization may be initiated. Fertilization (union of a reproductive cell from a male and one from a female. At birth, the tip of the penis is covered with a fold of skin called foreskin. Some parents choose circumcision (surgical removal of the foreskin) for their male child.

Internal Male Reproductive Organs Epididymis Located as outer surface of testes. Temporary storage facility as sperm mature. Vans Deferens Pair of tubes that propel sperm forward before ejaculation. Seminal Vesicles Attached to Vans Deferens near base of bladder. Sperm combine with nutrient filled fluid here. Makes sperm more mobile and provides nourishment. Prostate Gland Small gland that surrounds the urethra. Cowper’s Glands Secretes a fluid that neutralizes the acid content before semen is ejaculated. Urethra Passage way through which both semen and urine leave the body. A muscles near the bladder contracts, preventing urine from enter the urethra when semen is present.

Problems of the MRS Hernia Sterility (condition in which a person is unable to reproduce). Low sperm count or poor quality sperm Enlarged Prostate Gland Caused by infection, tumor, old age. When enlarged it tends to squeeze urethra, resulting in frequent urination. Cancer of Prostate Cancer of Testes First sign is enlargement of testes. Hard lumps, or nudules may be a sign.

The Female Reproductive System Chapter 29 lesson 2

Functions of Female Reproductive System Reproduction The FRS stores ova (female reproductive cells) It also nourishes and protects each fertilized ovum from beginning of pregnancy through birth. Sperm from the male enter the female reproductive system through the vagina (muscular, elastic passageway that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body).

The Female Reproductive System

Female Reproductive Organs Ova are stored in the ovaries (female se glands that house the ova and produce female sex hormones). Ovaries are located on each side of the body in the lower abdominal area. During teen years, hormones cause ova to mature. The ovaries begin a process of releasing one mature ovum each month. This is called ovulation. Usually, one ovary releases an ovum one month, and the other ovary releases a mature ovum the next month. When a mature ovum is released from an ovary it moves into one of the fallopian tubes (pair of tubes with fingerlike projections that draw the ovum in).

Fertilization If a sperm cell introduced during intercourse is present in the fallopian tube, it may unite with the ovum and fertilization occurs. The cell that results from the union of sperm and ovum is a zygote. The uterus is a small muscular, pear-shaped organ, about the size of a fist. Once a zygote has been formed, it leaves the fallopian tube, travels to the uterus, and attaches itself to the uterine wall. Video

Menstruation If the egg does not become fertilized (by sperm), the lining of the uterus breaks down into blood tissue, and fluids which pass through the cervix (neck of the uterus) and out the vagina. 1 x per month (about every 28 days). Begin between the ages of 10-15. Cramps, mood swings, bloating, irritability, anxiety are all possible.

Care of Female Reproductive System Breast Self-Examination Should be done once a month, about a week after the start of their menstrual period. Looking & feeling for any unusual lumps or discharge. Cleanliness of the vagina Change tampons or pads regularly Wash daily

Problems of Female Reproductive System Menstrual Cramps Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) - anxiety, irritability, bloating, weight gain, depression, mood swings. Infertility (inability of a woman to become pregnant) Blocked Fallopian Tube Leading cause of infertility Endometriosis Disease in which uterine tissue grows outside the uterus often appearing on ovaries/fallopian tubes Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Infection of the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and surrounding areas in a woman’s pelvis. Usually caused by STD’s.

Contraception Options Abstinence – Do not partake in type of sex. Male condom – worn on penis. Prevent pregnancy and STI’s. Can be used with other forms of contraception as added protection. Safe. Effective. Easily accessible. About $1 per. Female condom - A pouch inserted into the vagina to prevent pregnancy. Reduces the risk of sexually transmitted infection. Safe. Effective. About $4 each Birth control – Taken daily. Safe. Effective. $0-50 month. Easily get a prescription. Other options available. For more information visit: planned parenthood @ https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control