Integumentary System Chapter 3 1

Epidermis Dermis (corium) Stratum corneum Basal layer Structure Epidermis Stratum corneum Basal layer Dermis (corium) Subcutaneous tissue Binds dermis to underlying structures Structure of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. 2

Skin’s Accessory Organs Sebaceous (oil) glands Sudoriferous (sweat) glands Hair Nails Structure of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. 3

Skin Function Covers and protects the body from pathogens and other harmful substances. Sweat and oil glands produce secretions. Contains an intricate network of sensory receptors. 4

Skin Function Regulates body temperature, pain, and pressure. Synthesizes vitamin D. Melanocytes produced in basal layer give color to the skin. Pedagogical Note: For instructors who do not need A&P coverage, please delete and replace the slides to suit your individual classroom needs. The image bank is available from the DavisPlus instructor website to develop additional A&P slides or to expand the slide presentation in other sections of this PowerPoint presentation. 5

Structure and Function Exercise What does the term integument mean? 2. What are the accessory structures of the skin? 3. What are the functions of the subcutaneous layer of tissue? 6

Structure and Function Exercise 4. In the basal layer, what specialized cells protect the skin from damaging effects of the sun? 5. Which accessory organs produce oil? 6. List the sensations provided by the skin. 7

Combining Forms cutane/o, dermat/o, derm/o: Skin adip/o, lip/o, steat/o: Fat Ex: Steatorrhea is the medical term for fat in stool. hidr/o, sudor/o: Sweat (diaphoretic) Ex: Sudoresis, Hidradenitis (lump/pimple in sweat gland) Do not confuse hidr/o with hydro- ichthy/o: scaly skin, ex: Ichthyosis (scaley/dry skin)

Sweating __________________________ – diffuse, excessive sweating, usually as a symptom or side effect Hyperhidrosis pertains to sweating excessively and unpredictably, usually as a result of overactive sweat glands. Sudoriferous bearing or secreting sweat.

cyan/o: Bluesish tint to skin (cyanosis) melan/o: Pigment of skin/melanoma (mole appearance) kerat/o: Transparent part of outer covering of eye myc/o: _____________________

Combining Forms onych/o: _____________________________ pil/o, trich/o: _____________________________ scler/o: _____________________________ seb/o: _____________________________ Pedagogical Note: Encourage students to enhance and reinforce their study of word elements by visiting DavisPlus and completing the audio exercise for this chapter.

Combining Forms squam/o: _______________________ leuk/o: _______________________ erythr/o: _______________________

-derma: ___________________________ -oid: ___________________________ Suffixes -derma: ___________________________ -oid: ___________________________ -phoresis: ___________________________ -plasty: ___________________________

1. softening of the nail(s): onych/o/ 2. treatment with cold: /o/ Build Medical Words 1. softening of the nail(s): onych/o/ 2. treatment with cold: /o/ 3. discharge or flow of sebum: /o/ 4. pertaining to under the skin: sub/ /

Build Medical Words abnormal condition of blue (skin): / condition of sweat: suder/ softening of a nail: /o/

Build Medical Words 8. white cell: 9. black cell: 10. skin that is dry: 11. transplantation of same (species):

Build Medical Words 12. tumor (composed of) cancer: 13. skin (condition associated) with pus: 14. discharge or flow of sebum: 15. treatment with cold:

Skin Pathology – pages 84 - 89

Basal Cell Carcinoma Signs and Symptoms Malignancy of basal layer is commonly caused by repeated overexposure to the sun. Basal cell carcinoma with pearly, flesh-colored papule with depressed center and rolled edge. 19

Basal Cell Carcinoma Signs and Symptoms Locally invasive tumor, but rarely metastasizes. Tumors grow slowly, but commonly ulcerate. Predominant in fair- skinned men older than 60 years.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma Skin cancer of the squamous cells – top layer Potential for metastasis

Malignant Melanoma Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive and life-threatening skin cancer. It develops in the cells that give the skin its color (melanocytes) and has a very high tendency to spread to other parts of the body. ___________________

Malignant Melanoma Mal- ________________________ ignis ________________________ Melan/o ________________________ -oma __________________________

Clinically Related Exercise 1. Mr. T is advised that the basal cell carcinoma on his face will not spread but will remain localized. Eventually it will destroy underlying and adjacent tissue. The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another site is called . 2. A 70-year-old male is diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma due to overexposure to the sun. He is advised that the most common site of this skin cancer is the . 24

Abscess Localized collection of pus at infection site (characteristically a staphylococcal infection). A furuncle, or boil, is an abscess in a hair follicle and adjacent subcutaneous tissue. 25

Psoriasis – auto immune disease of the skin Inflammatory chronic skin condition marked by thick, flaky, red patches of various sizes, covered with silvery scales. Psoriasis 26

Psoriatic arthritis A form of arthritis that affects some people who have the skin condition psoriasis. A biologic is manufactured in a living system such as a microorganism, or plant or animal cells. 27

Acne Vulgaris Inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles. Marked by appearance of papules, pustules, and comedones. More common in adolescents and young adults between ages 12 and 35. Acne vulgaris 28

Scabies with rash surrounding the abdominal area. Contagious parasitic skin infection that is the result of infestation by the itch mite. Produces intense pruritus and a sensation of something crawling on the skin. Most common symptom is a rash. Scabies with rash surrounding the abdominal area. 29

Impetigo Common contagious, superficial skin infection. Manifests with early vesicular or pustular lesions that rupture and form thick yellow crusts. Impetigo on the face. 30

Vocabulary Challenge Exercise alopecia: 2. débridement: 31 31

Vocabulary Challenge Exercise 3. ecchymosis: 4. hematoma: 32

Vocabulary Challenge Exercise 5. urticaria: 6. vitiligo: 33

Diagnostic Procedures Allergy skin test Suspected allergen is applied to or injected into the skin to determine patient’s sensitivity to it. Intradermal test identifies suspected allergens by subcutaneously injecting small amounts of extracts of the allergens and observing the skin for a reaction. Allergy skin test. Intradermal allergy test reactions. 34

Diagnostic Procedures Biopsy Excision of a piece of tissue from a body site for microscopic examination. Tissue is sent to the pathology laboratory for evaluation. Used to confirm a diagnosis, estimate prognosis, or follow the course of a disease. 35

Build Medical Words inflammation of skin: 2. instrument to cut skin: 3. tumor (consisting) of fat:

Build Medical Words 4. excision or removal of a nail: 5. skin that is blue (in color): 6. surgical repair of the skin:

Medical and Surgical Procedures – pages 91-92 Débridement Removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue, especially in a wound. I&D Incision of a lesion followed by the drainage of its content, such as an abscess. 38

Medical and Surgical Procedures Mohs surgery Layers of cancer-containing skin are progressively excised and examined. Repetition of this procedure until only cancer- free tissue remains. 39

Medical and Surgical Procedures Skin graft Allograft, transplantation of healthy tissue from one person to another person; also called homograft. Autograft, transplantation of healthy tissue from one site to another site in the same individual. 40

Skin Graft Synthetic, transplantation of artificial skin produced from collagen fibers. Recipient’s body does not reject synthetic skin. Xenograft, transplantation (dermis only) from a foreign donor (usually a pig) to a human; also called heterograft. 41

Pharmacology Antibiotics Antifungals Antipruritics Corticosteroids Destroy bacteria that cause skin infections Antifungals Destroy fungi that infect skin Antipruritics Reduce severe itching Corticosteroids Anti-inflammatories that treat skin inflammation 42

Clinically Related Exercise 1. To treat a bacterial skin infection, the physician prescribes a/an (antifungal, antibiotic, corticosteroid). 2. Eddie developed a poison ivy rash after a camping trip. A topical drug is prescribed to decrease inflammation and itching. This drug is called a/an (antifungal, antibiotic, corticosteroid). 43