Grammar and Sentence Review

Noun http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tc-ukN1Rvb8 A person, place or thing Jimmy read a book in the park. (person) (thing) (place) Common and Proper Nouns Common: waterfall, chair, winter Proper: Niagara Falls, Tuesday, Sally, March

Pronoun A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun. Some common pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they, him, her, them, it, us Example: John is a mail carrier. John carries a blue bag. John is a mail carrier. He carries a blue bag.

Past, Present, and Future Tense Verbs A verb is a word that shows what someone or something is doing (an action). Past, Present, and Future Tense Verbs Daniel played baseball. – PAST TENSE He plays baseball everyday. – PRESENT TENSE We will go to his game tomorrow. -FUTURE TENSE

Adjective An adjective describes a noun. Example: The yellow basket was full of toys. Adjectives give life and creativity to sentences. They spice up and add vivid images to a paper, or even to just describe something.

Jason quickly read the book. How did Jason read? Quickly. Adverb An adverb can describe how an action happens. Jason quickly read the book. How did Jason read? Quickly.

We went to the store yesterday. When did we go? Yesterday. Adverb An adverb can describe when an action happens. We went to the store yesterday. When did we go? Yesterday.

Where did he put the paper? Here. Adverb http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Icz23fZqtTg An adverb can describe where an action happens. He put the paper here. Where did he put the paper? Here.

Preposition http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9vphZwqus5E A preposition may be defined as connecting word showing the relation of a noun or a noun substitute to some other word in the sentence (the squirrel in the tree; the preposition in shows the relationship between the squirrel and the tree.). Over ninety percent of preposition usage involves these nine prepositions: with at by to in for from of on

Conjunction The part of speech (or word class) that serves to connect words, phrases, clauses, or sentences. The common conjunctions--and, but, for, or, nor, yet, and so--join the elements of a structure. I decided that I should go to the store for more sugar, but my neighbor brought some over for my cake. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mkO87mkgcNo &feature=related

Interjections http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RhHpJ45_zwM &feature=related

Transitional Words & Phrases http://www.studygs.net/wrtstr6.htm Using transitional words and phrases helps papers read more smoothly, and at the same time allows the reader to flow more smoothly from one point to the next. Transitions enhance logical organization and understandability and improve the connections between thoughts.  They indicate relations, whether within a sentence, paragraph, or paper.

Subjects and Predicates The subject of a sentence tells us who or what the sentence is about. Example: A man in a blue suit drove by the house. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I7S_B9GcRI0&feature=related

Subject Verb Agreement

Subject and Predicates The predicates of a sentences tells what the subject does or is. Example: a man in a blue suit drove by the house.

Clauses A clause is a group of related words.  A clause has both a subject and a predicate.  There are two types of clauses. Independent Clause - An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence.  Here is an example: We walk to school.  This sentence expresses a complete thought and can stand alone.

Dependent Clause – A dependent clause cannot stand alone as a sentence.  Here is an example: when the cake is done baking  This clause does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone.

Sentence Formations Simple sentences Compound sentences Complex sentences Compound-complex sentences PP 3-19

Simple Sentence A simple sentence is one independent clause in a subject-verb pattern. We cancelled the order last week. Rachel and I purchased a subscription to Advertising Age. Our customers shop online and refer others to our Website. The human relations specialist and my manager recommended less phone work and offered me another position. PP 3-20

Compound Sentence A compound sentence is two independent clauses connected by a coordinating conjunction. Many of our customers are self-employed, and they purchase items for themselves. Limited quantities of this product are available, but we will ship your order next week. PP 3-21

Complex Sentence A complex sentence consists of an independent clause and a dependent clause. When a product is listed as out of stock, your order will be filled as soon as possible. If your order cannot be shipped within 30 days, we will cancel the order. Because I arrived late for the sale, I could not find the items that I wanted. PP 3-22

Compound-Complex Sentence A compound-complex sentence consists of more than one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. If your order has not been shipped within 30 days, we will notify you of this delay by e-mail, and you will have the option to cancel your order. When you receive a promotional code, enter it on your order, but only one promotional code may be used for each order. PP 3-23