Chapter 19 The Industrial Revolution Section 3 Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution Section 4 New Ways of Thinkig

People Move to New Industrial Cities Urbanization, or the rapid movement of people to cities started Cities grew around mines and factories Manchester grew from 17,000 in 1750 to 70,000 people in 1801

New Social Classes Emerge The Industrial Middle Class Middle class developed during this time period They owned factories and mines Many developed new technologies to use in factories Lived in large houses Wore fancy clothing

New Social Classes Emerge The Industrial Working Class Struggled to survive Lived in slums Packed into tenants, or apartment buildings Sewage and waste rotted ‘in the streets Lead to the spread of disease

New Social Classes Emerge Workers Stage Futile Protests Secret labor unions existed among workers A group of workers started to destroy factories Tried to slow production

New Social Classes Emerge Workers Find Comfort in Religion Started to practice Methodism People lost connections with their old churches John Wesley started Methodism based on a personal sense of faith Promoted sober and moral ways Helped to teach the poor to read and write

Life in the Factories and Mines Factory Workers Face Harsh Conditions Had a rigid work schedule Shifts lasted 12-16 hours Couldn’t take breaks Tired workers often had accidents Most factory workers were women at first People though they could adapt to technology faster

Life in the Factories and Mines Miners Face Worse Conditions Worked in dark tunnels Would often breath in coal dust Coal dust made miners sick Risk of explosions, floods, or collapse Women and children crawled through tunnels with heavy coal

Life in the Factories and Mines Children Have Dangerous Jobs Worked in factories and mines Were small and fast enough to work in factories Carried coal in extreme heat Wages were needed to help the family Child Labor laws were passed in the 1800s Put age limits on when children could work

The Results of Industrializatin Brought terrible hardships Reformers pressed for labor reform laws Working-class men gained the right to vote More jobs were created Wages rose People started to have free time

Laissez-Faire Economics Malthus Holds Bleak View Belief that economy should flow naturally Malthus soon predicted that the population would outgrow food supply He believed population growth would keep the poor suffering He was proven wrong Food supply grew rapidly People began having fewer children

Laissez-Faire Economics Ricardo Shares View David Ricardo become a leading economist in Great Britain Argued that people had more children with higher wages Didn’t want government help for the poor

Utilitarians for Limited Government Government should focus on the greatest happiness for the greatest amount people Believed in government intervention Government should improve harsh living conditions Wanted to give women and workers the right to vote

Socialist Thought Emerges Are Utopians Dreamers? Government would own means of production All work was shared and all debt was shared Believed fighting would stop without classes

Socialist Thought Emerges Owen Establishes a Utopia Robert Owen developed a Utopian Society in Scotland Forbade child labor Welcome workers unions

Karl Marx Calls for Worker Control Karl Marx condemned the idea of Utopianism Predicted a struggle between classes Came to be known as Communism Government owned and controlled economy and politics

Marxism in the Future Marxism Briefly Flourishes Social democracy formed in Germany Gradual transition from capitalism to socialism Russian revolution developed a communist government Other countries soon followed

Marxism in the Future Marxism Loses Appeal Governments started to fail Workers would unite against the government By the end of the 20th century few communist countries remained

movement of people from rural areas to cities Vocabulary Urbanization movement of people from rural areas to cities Tenement multistory building divided into crowded apartments Labor Union workers’ organization Thomas Malthus British economist that developed population theory Jeremy Bentham Father utilitarianism Utilitarianism idea that the goal of the society should be to bring about the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people Socialism system in which the people as a whole rather than private individuals own all property and operate all businesses

Developed a Utopian society Vocabulary Means of Production farms, factories, railways, and other large businesses that produce and distribute goods Robert Owen Developed a Utopian society Karl Marx German philosopher, believed in realism rejected Utopianism Communism form of socialism advocated by Karl Marx; accord to Marx, class struggle was inevitable and would lead to the creation of a classless society in which all wealth and property would be owned by the community as a whole Proletariat working class Social Democracy political ideology in which there is a gradual transition from capitalism to socialism instead of a sudden violent overthrow