ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) TOTAL 28

INTODUCTION TOTAL 28

National Environmental Impact and its Implementation National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)-1969 (PL-91-190) Effective on January 1, 1970 (First signed act--Magna Carta for the envt.)   total 31

Project planning and decision making should include consideration of Technical (satisfy the standards) Economic (should be feasible) Environmental (EIA) Social (benefits to social life) Other factors total 31

Environmental Inventory Environmental Impact Assessment Terminology Environmental Inventory Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Impact Statement total 31

Environmental Inventory Complete description of the environment as it exists in an area where a particular proposed action is being considered. compiled from a checklist of descriptors for the physical/chemical, biological, cultural and socioeconomic environments total 31

Natural Environment (Bio-physical envt.) Physical-chemical environments: soils, geology, topography, surface-water and ground water resources, water quality, air quality and climatology. Biological environments: flora fauna of the area, including species of trees, grasses, fish, birds, and mammals. total 31

Man-made environments Cultural Environment: Historic and archeological sites and aesthetic resources such as visual quality. Socio-economic Environment: Humans in the environments including population trends and population distributions; economic indicators of human welfare; educational systems; transportation networks and other infrastructure concerns such as water supply, wastewater disposal and solid-waste management; public services such as police and fire protection and medical facilities. total 31

Health Impacts of the projects, plans, programs or policies should be considered in the decision making process. In developing countries----Environmental health assessment (EHIA) process has been proposed (WHO-world health organization 1987) Nuclear power plants--- Address psychological impacts “can change damage your mental health, 1982” total 31

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) Systematic identification and evaluation of the potential impacts (effects) of proposed projects, plans, programs or legislative actions relative to the physical-chemical, biological, cultural and socioeconomic components of the total environment. TOTAL 28

The primary purpose of the EIA process, also called the “NEPA process” is; to encourage the consideration of the environment in planning and decision making, to ultimately arrive at actions which are more environmentally compatible. TOTAL 28

It indicates consideration of aesthetics, wetlands, fish and wildlife values, floodplain values, navigation, recreation, water quality, food and fiber production, mineral needs, economics, general environmental concerns, historic properties, flood hazards, land use, shore erosion, water supply and conservation, energy needs, safety and property ownership. TOTAL 28

FEATURES OF THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT (NEPA) National Environmental Policy Act-NEPA (1969) has effect on project planning and evaluation in the USA. Over 75 countries, this law was adopted for environmental importance. TOTAL 28

Report writing guidelines for EIA TOTAL 28

General format of EIA preliminary investigation report Name, address, telephone and fax number (e-mail) of the project owner: Name, address, telephone and fax number (E-Mail) of persons or establishment, which prepared the EIA report: Name of the project: Date of project preparation: Name and location of the project: Description and scope of project: includes subject of project, job description and duration, aims of services, importance etc. TOTAL 28

ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LOCATION SELECTED FOR THE PROJECT SECTION 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LOCATION SELECTED FOR THE PROJECT TOTAL 28

1. Land usage Description of usage of existing (current) land and its characteristics. Existing usage (agriculture, forest, tourism, industry, recreation, transportation, water resources development potential). Topography and description of geological characteristics (also indication on 1/1000, 1/2500, 1/5000, or 1/25000 scale map) TOTAL 28

2. Species and Ecosystems Ecosystem and species in ecosystems within the land selected for project. Kinds of flora-fauna, their classification, living environment, density of population and risk of generation exhausting. TOTAL 28

3. Characteristics of air, water and soil Description of climatic conditions and quality of air, water and soil. Meteorological conditions: Explanation of meteorological characteristics (monthly maximum and minimum temperature records, rainfall, velocity and direction of wind). Hydrological and hydro-geological characteristics: Sources of surface and subsurface water that will be affected by activity, their physical and chemical characteristics and usage condition. Air quality and noise: Current situation of air quality, and average and maximum noise levels. TOTAL 28

Physical and chemical properties of soils which are in risk of impact. 4. Soil Quality Physical and chemical properties of soils which are in risk of impact. TOTAL 28

5. Socioeconomic Considerations Investigating the effect of activities on socioeconomy (main sectors that constitutes the economic structure of a region, trend of economic development, unemployment, etc). Population density in the activity area and region, distance between settlement area and activity area, the number and types of houses, business and industries that will be affected directly by actions. TOTAL 28

6. Other Characteristics Protection (conservation) areas (national parks, natural parks, watery areas, natural monuments, protected natural areas, wild life habitats, cultural wealth, biogenetic reserve areas, biosphere reserves, private environmental protection zones, private protection areas, protection areas related to water resources for drinking and usage, tourism areas, scenic sites, and other areas under protection). Forest Areas: (species of trees, their quantity (number), coverage areas of trees, and their existing and planned protection and/or usage aims) High places having landscape value and recreation areas, areas having unique geological and geomorphological formations. Lands under the authority of Government (military forbidden zones, areas belonging to public and its associates etc) TOTAL 28

IMPACTS OF PROJECT ON ENVIRONMENT AND PRECAUTIONS TAKEN SECTION II: IMPACTS OF PROJECT ON ENVIRONMENT AND PRECAUTIONS TAKEN TOTAL 28

A. Preparation of land, activities during construction process, and impacts on physical and biological environments and precautions to be taken. 1. Places where excavations to be done and its amount during the preparation and construction process, the place of haulage of materials like soil, stone, sand etc. or the purpose for which they will be utilized. 2. The annual quantity of cut and fill, total coverage area and where to spill out materials. 3. Activities creating dust during preparation and construction process. 4. The species and quantity of trees to be cut during construction and total cut area. 5. Areas to be used during preparation and construction process (including agricultural areas). 6. Types of flora-fauna that could be affected during construction. 7. Types and amount of solid waste materials during preparation and construction process and disposal methods. 8. Level and control of noise during preparation and construction process and precautions taken. TOTAL 28

3- Sources of dust during operations and precautions taken. B. Activities during project operation, impacts on physical and biological environmental and precautions taken. 1- Amounts and types of raw materials to be used for activity products. 2- Production quantity, manufacturing methods and technology, scheme of process flow and side products. Indication of pollutant sources (emission and discharge points) on scheme. 3- Sources of dust during operations and precautions taken. 4- Amount of materials remaining from cut and fill operations and their disposal methods. 5- The usage of explosive materials, types of explosion and precautions taken. TOTAL 28

6. Precautions to be taken against dusting. 7. Impacts of activities to districts and highways and precautions. 8. Amount of toxic, flammable and explosive materials and their detailed description of usage (where and how). 9. Amount and properties of water to be used. 10. Types and amount of fuel, its chemical analysis, combustion systems, amount of emission and precautions taken. 11. Types of flora-fauna to be affected. 12Length of safety guard strip and studies to be done for formation 13. Types and amounts of solid waste materials and precautions taken. 14. Level and control of noise due to working unit and precautions taken. TOTAL 28

C. Project Closeout (termination) Stabilization of land Rehabilitation works Impact on existing water resources Possible air emissions TOTAL 28

D. Monitoring program and Urgent Intervention Plan Monitoring scheme for construction, processing and termination of the project. The precautions to be taken for these and urgent intervention plan if required.   E. Alternatives Alternatives that can be considered for the project. F. Conclusions for EIA General summary of the report, most important environmental impacts, benefits of the projects, selection reasons of the alternatives. Enclosures: All documents and reports used for the preparation of EIA. Notes: CVs of people that prepared the EIA report with their signatures. References: References used for the EIA report. TOTAL 28