Paper 3 – Topic 15 Peace settlements (1919–1923): Versailles; Neuilly; Trianon; St Germain; and Sèvres/Lausanne—aims, issues and responses The League of Nations and Europe: successes and failures; the search for collective security; developments in the successor states of central and eastern Europe Italian and German foreign policies (1919–1941): aims, issues and extent of success Collective security and appeasement (1919–1941): aims, issues and extent of success; role of British, French and Russian/Soviet foreign policies (1919–1941); Chamberlain and the Munich Crisis Causes of the Second World War and the development of European conflict (1939–1941); the wartime alliance (1941–1945); reasons for Axis defeat in 1945 and for Allied victory; role of economic, strategic and other factors Impact of the Second World War on civilian populations in any two countries between 1939–1945

Lesson 1a – Treaty of Versailles Essential Question “The Treaty of Versailles was a fair and reasonable treaty.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Learning Outcomes - Students will: Preview – Break it down Learn about the aims of the Big 3 Learn of the effects of the German Revolution Success Criteria I can determine the aims of the Great Powers

Preview When you walk in to answer your Paper 3 exam, what do you do? Step 1 – choose your question What to look for? Which questions are you most confident with?

Preview When you walk in to answer your Paper 3 exam, what do you do? Step 1 – choose your question What to look for? Which questions are you most confident with? Step 2 – break it down

Vocab Big Three (Clemenceau, Lloyd George, Wilson) 14 Points Treaty of St. Germain Treaty of Sevres

Reading Interwar Years – Pg. 17~38 Class vs. Textbook Class – discuss the main ideas and themes, with some evidence Textbook – provides further evidence to support your claims & provides practice questions

Postwar Issues France Britain United States Germany Countries Aims To what extent successful France Britain United States Germany

Aims of the Big 3 France – revenge and security Pushed for reparations De-militarize the Rhineland Britain – protect the British Empire Sought to gain colonies from Germany Afraid of one country (France) dominating Europe US – 14 Points

Aims of the Big 3 Which ones might France and Britain disagree with? Issues Wilson – “When the war is over we can force them to our way of thinking because they (Britain & France) will be financially in our hands” Lloyd George – “We cannot accept the second point…Germany has been broken almost as much by the blockade as by military methods” Clemenceau – “It would be stupid to take too seriously Wilson’s ideas about the League of Nations and self-determination” Both France and Britain disagreed with self-determination

Treaty of Versailles Is this what I wanted

Did France attain its aims? Did Britain attain its aims? Other Peace Treaties Treaty of St. Germain 1919 Austria and Hungary are separated Anschluss with Germany is forbidden Treaty of Sevres 1920 Turkey lost its land in Europe France was given Syria and Britain received Palestine, Jordan and Iraq Reparations Treaty of Lausanne – reparations are removed Did France attain its aims? Did Britain attain its aims?

Postwar Issues France Britain United States Germany Countries Aims To what extent successful France Britain United States Germany

Paper 3 – Topic 15 Peace settlements (1919–1923): Versailles; Neuilly; Trianon; St Germain; and Sèvres/Lausanne—aims, issues and responses The League of Nations and Europe: successes and failures; the search for collective security; developments in the successor states of central and eastern Europe Italian and German foreign policies (1919–1941): aims, issues and extent of success Collective security and appeasement (1919–1941): aims, issues and extent of success; role of British, French and Russian/Soviet foreign policies (1919–1941); Chamberlain and the Munich Crisis Causes of the Second World War and the development of European conflict (1939–1941); the wartime alliance (1941–1945); reasons for Axis defeat in 1945 and for Allied victory; role of economic, strategic and other factors Impact of the Second World War on civilian populations in any two countries between 1939–1945

Lesson 1b – Treaty of Versailles Essential Question “The Treaty of Versailles was a fair and reasonable treaty.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Learning Outcomes - Students will: Preview – What is a myth? Learn about the short-term and immediate causes of the German Revolution Learn of the effects of the German Revolution Success Criteria I can create an outline for the essential quesiton

Preview When you walk in to answer your Paper 3 exam, what do you do? Step 1 – choose your question What to look for? Which questions are you most confident with?

Preview When you walk in to answer your Paper 3 exam, what do you do? Step 1 – choose your question Step 2 – break it down Step 3 – outline Early opinions?

Reading Interwar Years – Pg. 17~38 Class vs. Textbook Class – discuss the main ideas and themes, with some evidence Textbook – provides further evidence to support your claims & provides practice questions

Was the Treaty of Versailles a Fair Treaty? - No

Was the Treaty of Versailles a Fair Treaty? - No Diktat – “Dictated Peace” Germans were given the terms of the treaty and had 15 days to accept them Germans had signed the Armistice with the belief that Wilson’s 14 Points would be the basis of the treaty 28 – June 1919 - Germany was forced to sign as the German military had collapsed It was unpopular and became the focus of resentment for the next 20 yrs Ex. Rathenau, the foreign minister, was assassinated in 1922 for signing the treaty

Was the Treaty of Versailles a Fair Treaty? – YES Germans would have been just as harsh 1918 – Treaty of Brest-Litvosk resulted in USSR losing 1/3 of its industry Majority of the destruction of the war was in France 1.4 million dead, 2.5 million wounded Infrastructure damage to roads, coal mines, telegraph poles, etc… The Allies won and deserved their revenge Clemenceau – “We were attacked. We are victorious. We present right, and might is ours” Worried about a future war and want protection Clemenceau – “In six months, in a year, ten years, when they like, the Germans will invade us again”

Was the Treaty of Versailles a Fair Treaty? – YES It could have been worse Sally Marks – “Germans lost little territory, considering how thoroughly she had lost the war…”The real difficulty with the Treaty…(was) that the Germans thought it was (severe) and in time persuaded others that it was” Did not destroy the German economy 1925 – Germany was producing twice as much steel as Britain

Postwar Issues France Britain United States Germany Countries Aims To what extent successful France Britain United States Germany

Paper 3 Question Step 1 – Choose your question Step 2 – Break it down “The Treaty of Versailles was a fair and reasonable treaty.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Step 3 – Outline Define key term Paragraph 1? Paragraph 2? Paragraph 3?

“The Treaty of Versailles was a fair and reasonable treaty “The Treaty of Versailles was a fair and reasonable treaty.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Candidates must demonstrate a clear understanding of the requirements of the question and effectively deploy knowledge of the key issue(s) raised by the question; in this case, examining the major terms of the treaty with reference to the words “fair “ and “reasonable”. Some may disagree while others will agree with the statement. In either case, there should be some consideration of the context in which the treaty was drawn up ie the aftermath of a devastating war, the fact that Germany admitted defeat but that this was a new democratic Germany, the belief that Wilson’s 14 points would form the basis for negotiations. The issue of the “War Guilt Clause” with perhaps reference to different historical theories. Possibly linking war guilt to the payment of reparations; Territorial losses – Alsace-Lorraine, Schleswig-Holstein, Polish Corridor etc, did these conflict with the principle of National Self-Determination?; Disarmament clauses; did these leave Germany unprotected and weak or did they satisfy the French need for security?; Reparations: were these legitimate? Were they too much?; Responses that agree with the statement may argue that German aggression was the main cause of the war, that Germany had suffered little material damage and that actually the peace could have been much harsher (eg Clemenceau was prevented from pursuing the establishment of an independent Rhineland state). In addition, comparisons could be made with the draconian provisions of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk imposed by Germany on Russia in March 1918; Responses that disagree may argue the treaty was a Diktat, that it left Germany unable to recover economically because of the burden of reparations (although they did not cause inflation in 1923), that it was unfair to enforce a peace on the new democratic republic when the justification for such a peace were the policies of the German Empire; Responses achieving marks in the top bands will provide a clear judgment on the extent to which the candidate agrees with the claim that the Treaty of Versailles was a fair and reasonable peace.