Cardiovascular System Anatomy & Physiology Cardiovascular System

Lesson objectives To label the chambers of the heart To explain how blood flows through the heart To list the main blood vessels To describe the structure and function of the blood vessels To explain the circuit of the blood vessels around the body and back to the heart

Cardiovascular System Cardio – heart Vascular – blood vessels (arteries, veins etc.) Made up of three different parts: The heart The blood vessels The blood

Functions of the Blood Responsible for transporting oxygen around the body Defence against infections, illnesses etc. Removal of waste products Transporting nutrients Thermoregulation (temperature control) Clotting

Location of the Heart The heart is located in the middle of the thorax Between both lungs Apex pointing towards left hip

Heart Structure Pumps blood around the body Made of four compartments – 2 atria (more than one = atrium) and 2 ventricles Cardiac muscle – never gets tired Aorta Pulmonary artery Vena cava Pulmonary vein

Aorta Superior Vena Cava Pulmonary Artery Pulmonary Vein RIGHT ATRIUM Right atrium LEFT ATRIUM RIGHT VENTRICLE Right ventricle LEFT VENTRICLE Inferior Vena Cava

FROM UPPER BODY TO BODY TO LUNGS TO LUNGS FROM LUNGS Right ventricle FROM LOWER BODY

Blood flow through the heart Atria contract and ventricles fill with blood Atria fill with blood 1 2 Ventricles contract and blood is pumped to lungs and around body Ventricles relax and cycle starts again 3 4

Valves of the Heart 4 valves Tricuspid (right) Bicuspid (left) Aortic Pulmonary

Blood Vessels Hollow tube like structures that carry blood Five different types of blood vessel: Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins Stretched out the blood vessels of an average human will encircle the earth twice

Aorta Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body Largest artery in the body

Pulmonary Artery Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs Blood is oxygenated and carbon dioxide is removed Only artery in the body that carries DEOXYGENATED blood around the body

Aorta Pulmonary artery 17

Vena Cava Carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the body Superior and inferior

Pulmonary Vein Carries OXYGENATED blood back to the heart from the lungs Only vein in the body to carry OXYGENATED blood

Pulmonary Vein Carries OXYGENATED blood back to the heart from the lungs Only vein in the body to carry OXYGENATED blood

Pulmonary vein Vena cava 21