By: Kaleb, William, Laurence, and Braden Circulatory System By: Kaleb, William, Laurence, and Braden

What Is the Circulatory System? A vast network of organs, vessels and arteries that transports blood, nutrients, oxygen and hormones to individual cells and different parts of the body. The organs located in different parts of the body lets blood flow to anywhere on the body.

Organs/Factors Involved and their Function Heart: pumps blood through the network of blood vessels. Blood vessels: the body’s highways for the flow of blood. Arteries: specific blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. Blood: holds nutrients, oxygen, hormones, red blood cells, white blood cells, and liquid plasma. Veins: transports blood back to the heart from all organs.

Interacting with Other Systems Respiratory System Blood is sent to the lungs to get rid of all the carbon dioxide and regain oxygen The carbon dioxide is then exhaled through the respiratory system and goes into the atmosphere Digestive System The digestive system breaks down food and sorts out the important nutrients and vitamins for the body The circulatory system is then able to transport the nutrient rich cells to the rest of the body

Components of Blood and their Function Plasma Plasma is the main component, made up of: Water Sugar Proteins Salts Fat Plasma transports blood cells, along with nutrients, waste products, antibodies, hormones, and clotting proteins.

Red Blood Cells Accounts for around 45% of the volume of blood. Shaped like a biconcave disk with a flattened center. Production is controlled by a hormone called erythropoietin. Start as immature cells in bone marrow, then release into blood flow after 7 days. No nucleus, can easily change shape. Survive only on average 120 days. Contains protein hemoglobin, helping carry oxygen from the lungs to the body and bring CO2 back to the lungs to be exhaled.

White Blood Cells Protect body from infection Account for about 1% of blood. Most common type is neutrophil Most common type, makes up around 55 to 70 percent of white blood cells Is the “immediate response” white blood cells Lasts less than a day Transfusion is not effective Other major type: lymphocyte 2 major types of lymphocyte: T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte T lymphocytes regulates function of other white blood cells and directly attacks infected areas B lymphocytes create antibodies.

Platelets Small fragments of cells Helps the blood clotting process (also called coagulation) Gathers at the site of the injury Stick to the lining of the damaged blood cells Forms a platform for coagulation to occur Creates fibrin clot, covering the wound Higher counts of platelets can lead to strokes or heart attacks Antiplatelet therapies help prevent such events

Blood Pressure Blood pressure is closely related to the rate of heartbeat. It is a measure of how hard your heart is contracting compared to the resistance to stretching of the artery walls High blood pressure can start tearing the walls of the artery, leading to the formation of scar tissue. This happens because higher blood pressure means too much force is being exerted onto the arteries. Too low of blood pressure indicates that the blood vessel walls are too relaxed, and are not effectively pushing and pumping blood around the body. This can lead to physical fatigue and fainting, and it leaves an impact on mental health as well, causing sleep troubles and a more melancholy attitude. Lower blood pressure is, in many cases, more common than higher blood pressure problems.

Chambers of the Heart There are 4 chambers in the heart of all mammals, including humans. The right atrium takes in blood with low oxygen and then pumps it to the right ventricle so that it can be pumped to the lungs. The left atrium receives blood rich with oxygen and then pumps it to the left ventricle so that it can be pumped out to the rest of the body.

Oxygenated Blood and Deoxygenated Blood Vena Cava Right Atrium Right Ventricle Pulmonary Artery Lungs Blood Capillaries *Red shows deoxygenated blood Oxygenated Blood Pulmonary Vein Left Atrium Left Ventricle Aorta Lungs Blood Capillaries *Blue shows oxygenated blood

Arteries Veins Carries blood from tissues of body to the heart Usually found closer beneath the skin Less muscular Collapse if blood flow stops Carries blood away from the heart and to tissues Deeper in the body More muscular Would remain open if blood flow stops

Diseases and disorders Atherosclerosis- caused by fatty plaques lining the blood vessels Coronary artery disease- the clogging of the arteries supplying the heart Hypertension (high blood pressure)- causes the heart to work harder and can lead to complications with the heart like, a heart attack, or a stroke.

Maintaining Homeostasis Oxygen is carried in our blood stream to our cells so energy can be made. When we exercise both breathing and heart beat (blood circulation) must increase to meet the demand of our cells to take in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide. This is how the body maintains homeostasis.

Sources http://www.newhealthadvisor.com/Path-of-Blood-Through-the-Heart.html https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/circulatory-system-diseases https://www.dmu.edu/medterms/circulatory-system/circulatory-system-diseases/ https://www.reference.com/science/circulatory-system-maintain-homeostasis-95aba756d92cb71b http://www.livescience.com/22486-circulatory-system.html http://www.cpalms.org/Public/PreviewResourceLesson/Preview/75826 http://anthro.palomar.edu/blood/blood_components.html http://www.avogel.ca/en/health/circulation/low-blood-pressure.php http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HighBloodPressure/WhyBloodPressureMatters/Heart-and-Artery-Damage-and-High- Blood-Pressure_UCM_301823_Article.jsp#.V18ndzf4ziY