Which direction does blood flow in an artery? In a vein? artery = away from heart / vein = toward the heart What are the 3 layers of a blood vessel? 1. Connective tissue 2. Smooth muscle 3. endothelium What is the pericardium? What does it do? Outside covering of the heart – functions: protection, anchors heart to other structures, lubrication What is the myocardium? Middle layer of heart wall – twisted cardiac muscle Into what chamber do the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava empty blood? Right atria

What does the septum do? Divides the heart into left and right portions Where does blood from the right ventricle go? To the pulmonary artery then to the lungs Where does blood from the left ventricle go? To the aorta then to the body What are the 4 valves of the heart? You must know location and function Tricsupid valve – between right atrium and right ventricle Bicuspid (mitral) valve – between left atrium and left ventricle Aortic semilunar valve – between left ventricle and aorta Pulmonary semilunar valve – between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Trace the electrical signal from beginning to end in a heartbeat? SA node – AV node – AV bundle – Purkinje Network What are some factors that affect blood pressure? Nervous system, blood volume, temperature, diet, exercise What is the difference between angina and an M.I. (heart attack)? Angina involves a BRIEF lack of O2 to the heart – an M.I. is the heart muscle dying Fibrillation is the result of a problem with what part of the heart? SA node, AV node or both – the electrical conducting system of the heart

What is the pacemaker of the heart? SA node What are the blood vessels that make up the cardiovascular system? Arteries, veins, capillaries What is hypertension? High blood pressure What do the chordae tendinae do? Attaches to papillary muscle and prevents valves from inverting and allowing blood to travel backwards in the heart

Which side of the heart has oxygenated blood Which side of the heart has oxygenated blood? Which side has deoxygenated blood? Oxygenated = left side Deoxygenated = right side What do the waves on an ECG correspond to? Contraction of the heart P wave = depolarization of the atria QRS complex = depolarization of ventricles T wave = repolarization of ventricles

Brachiocephalic Artery Aorta Pulmonary Artery Superior Vena Cava Pulmonary Vein Left Atria Right Atria Pulmonary Semilunar Valve Bicuspid Valve Aortic Semilunar Valve Tricuspid Valve Left Ventricle Right Ventricle Septum Inferior Vena Cava