Higher Chemistry Skincare – Ageless Chemistry

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Presentation transcript:

Higher Chemistry Skincare – Ageless Chemistry REVISION Alkanes Hydrocarbons Halogens Antioxidants NEW LEARNING Formation of free radicals Chain reaction mechanisms

Starter Task S3 Revision

Starter Task S3 Revision

Starter Task S3 Revision

Lesson 1: Sunlight and Skin Today we will learn to Describe how UV radiation can break bonds to create free radicals. We will do this by Learning about UV light and its effects, then watching a video on the chemistry of how these effects are caused. We will have succeeded if Write chemical equations for initiation, propagation and termination stages of a free radical reaction.

Sunlight and Skin p37 Effect of Sunlight Ultraviolet radiation (UV) is a high-energy form of light, present in sunlight. Exposure to UV light can result in molecules gaining sufficient energy for bonds to be broken. This is the process responsible for sunburn and also contributes to aging of the skin. Sun-block products prevent UV light reaching the skin.

Sunlight and Chemicals p37 UV light is responsible for how the original photographs were developed. The first permanent photograph was an image produced in 1826 by the French inventor Joseph Nicéphore Niépce. His photographs were produced on a polished pewter plate covered with bitumen of Judea, which he then dissolved in white petroleum. Over the next few years the discovery that exposure to light caused silver halides to change colour led to a revolution in photographic technique.

Free radical reactions p34

Free Radical Reactions When UV light breaks bonds free radicals are formed. Free radicals have unpaired electrons and, as a result, are highly reactive. Free radical chain reactions include the following steps: initiation, propagation and termination.

Initiation U.V. light provides the energy for the homolytic fission of halogen into reactive halogen atoms or free radicals (atoms with an unpaired electron).

Propagation

Termination In this stage, free radicals are used up by collision with each other.

Hangman You know what it is! Pick a word from Unit 2 and using the whiteboards, see if your partner can guess it without hanging the man!

Lesson 2: Free Radical Scavengers Today we will learn to Explain how some molecules ‘mop up’ free radicals. We will do this by Watching a video of a steam distillation. We will have succeeded if We can explain how fragrance molecules like terpenes are obtained from natural sources.

Starter Task S3 Revision

Starter Task S3 Revision

Free Radical Scavengers p39

Free Radical Scavengers p39

Free Radical Scavengers Many cosmetic products contain free radical scavengers. These are molecules which can react with free radicals to form stable molecules and prevent chain reactions. Melatonin and Vitamin E are examples of natural free radical scavengers or antioxidants. Free radical scavengers are also added to food products and to plastics.

ConsolidationTask Complete Quick Test 7. You have 10 minutes! S3 Revision

Answers S3 Revision

Past paper questions S3 Revision

Past paper questions S3 Revision