The Protestant Reformation

What was the Reformation? Key words: Christian / protest / reform The reformation was a split in the Christian church. It happened because people were unhappy about the church; they protested and wanted to reform Christianity They are called Protestants because they protested and started a new religion It is called the Reformation because they set out to reform the church. SLIDE 1

WHY WERE PEOPLE UNHAPPY? People grew displeased with the ROMAN CATHOLIC Church BASIC REASONS A. Financial Corruption OF CHURCH B. Abuse of Power OF CLERGY C. Immorality OF CLERGY SLIDE 2

What happens to spark the Reformation? Pope Leo X needs money to build St. Peter’s Basilica…so he sells indulgences! Indulgences- were pardons issued by the pope that people could buy to reduce a soul’s time in purgatory = (People could buy forgiveness) SLIDE 3

Immediately after Death: Particular Judgment/PURGATORY/SLIDE 4 Catholic Christians and many other Christians believe that immediately after death the souls of men and women go either to heaven (or prior to that, purgatory), or to hell definitively. Purgatory is the “final purification of the elect” where “[a]ll who die in God's grace and friendship, but [are] still imperfectly purified… undergo purification, so as to achieve the holiness necessary to enter the joy of heaven. Michelangelo's Last Judgment Sistine Chapel Vatican City

REMEMBER THE REBIRTH The Renaissance People were thinking for themselves and questioning things. They were not afraid to criticize the church The Patrons of the arts, the Popes were spending huge money on art. This was being paid for by tithes from the poor which made people angry HELLO GUS  WAKE UP!

Important Developments that aid the process to Reformation! The Printing Press!!!! Books are now available to the masses not just the rich! (Faster production=cheaper books) People have access to books whenever they want them. How does this relate to the Reformation? Explain your answer? Like the Kindle or Nook to early modern Europeans. A single Renaissance printing press could produce 3,600 pages per workday, compared to forty by hand-printing and a few by hand-copying. Printing Press = 3,600 pages per workday Hand Printing = 40 pages per workday

Abuses Abuses in the church (faults / wrong-doing) Ignorant priests who didn’t even understand the mass Wealthy bishops who had more interest in money than religion Immoral popes like Alexander VI who had mistresses and 7 children and Sixtus who planned to assassinate Lorenzo de Medici Also, simony, nepotism, pluralism and absenteesim

Define the Church Abuses Simony To bribe people to elect you to high position in the church Nepotism To give important jobs in the church to your relatives Pluralism To have charge of more than one dioceses or parish Absenteeism To neglect your parish or dioceses because you don’t live there Be Active Test yourself

The Reformers Martin Luther John Calvin Henry VIII

Martin Luther Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany Father encouraged him to study law A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk

Martin Luther He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for

“The righteous shall by his faith.” ROMANS 1:17 “The righteous shall by his faith.” Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

Martin Luther: 1. Background Martin Luther is our ‘Person in History’ Born in Saxony He was studying to be a lawyer He got caught in a thunderstorm and promised God he’s become a priest, if he survived He became a hardworking Augustinian Monk He was not a happy monk, because He believed in ‘salvation by faith alone’ and the church did not He visited Rome and was shocked by the sinful lives of the cardinals and the Pope

What happened? 2. Wittenberg Luther was working as a professor at the University of Wittenberg Pope Leo X sent John Tetzel to Wittenberg to sell indulgences to pay for the building of St Peter’s Basilica in Rome Luther was furious. It sounded like the Pope was selling places in Heaven. Luther nailed his 95 theses (arguments) to the church door at Wittenberg His friends printed his ideas and they spread throughout Germany. Luther became a best seller. His book was called Confessions of Augsburg

3. The Pope & Luther The Pope issued a papal bull (a papal bull is an official document from the pope) He warned Luther to give up his ideas Luther burned the bull in public The Pope responded by excommunicating Luther and declaring him a heretic

Luther's 95 Theses A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints) He criticized: The Power of the Pope The Extreme Wealth of the Church Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

Luther's 95 Theses Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany Gained support from people and criticism from Church

What was the Protestant Reformation? CHRISTIANITY PROTESTANT CATHOLIC

The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible. This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg’s Bibles.

Luther on Trial The Diet of Worms 1520 Pope Leo X order Luther to give up his beliefs Luther burned the order and was excommunicated Luther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further

Pope Leo X (Medici) He was the Pope during the height of the corruption

Luther prepares to burn Pope's orders

Luther's Dying Words “I am fed up with the world, and it with me. I am like a ripe stool, and the world is like a gigantic anus, and so we’re about to let go of each other.” -Luther

Acceptance of Reforms Some Local German Churches accepted Luther’s ideas Lutheranism was formed Supported by German Princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Church for suppressing the reforms The reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants - Protestants

The Differences: Beliefs Lutheran Only faith in Jesus saves your soul (Justification by faith alone) Religious truth is in the Bible 2 sacraments exist: baptism and communion The local prince rules the church Priests can marry The communion is the body and blood of Christ and the bread and wine Catholic Faith in God and good works saves your soul Religious truth is in the Bible and church teaching 7 sacraments exist The head of the church is the Pope in Rome Priests must not marry The communion is the body and blood of Christ

The Differences: Churches Protestant Protestant churches were plain and simple No statues or art Priests wore plain garments The service was in the vernacular language, not Latin Catholic Catholic Churches were richly decorated Lots of statues and art work Priests wore rich garments They said mass in Latin

John Calvin “May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.” - Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with

John Calvin Anti-Catholic Influenced by Martin Luther Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith alone.” Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland

Predestination Calvin believed in: Salvation through Predestination At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell

Calvin believed in: Foreknowledge God knows everything that will happen in your life Purified approach to life: No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

CALVINISM Started in Switzerland – Calvinists England = Puritans Scotland = Presbyterians Holland = Dutch Reform France = Huguenots Germany = Reform Church

Christianity Protestant Catholic Lutheran Calvinism Puritan Presbyterian Puritan Hugeunots

Effects of the Reformation Religious – 1) Churches flourished; 2) new denominations developed; 3) the RCC became more unified (Council of Trent); 4) Emphasis on education Society – Status of women remained unchanged Political – 1) Power of monarchs/states increased; 2) Rise of modern-nation states; 3) lays groundwork for the Enlightenment

Causes of the Reformation 100 Years War and Black Death Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church The Corruption within the Catholic Church

What was the Protestant Reformation? Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman Catholic The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church

What was the Protestant Reformation? In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions The Reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of these new Protestant religions