EVs, Charging Infrastructure, Open Access and More! Katherine Stainken, Policy Director Tuesday, Nov. 15th 1:30pm – 2:30pm

Lots to Cover… Plug In America Core Areas Benefits of EVs Current Status EV Policies Charging Infrastructure Principles Role of the Utility Commissioner Workplace Charging Open Access Issues EVs for Everyone: Equity Standards

Who We Are Education and Outreach Policy Customer Experience (Dealers) Research The consumer voice of current EV drivers and potential EV drivers.

Ride and Drive Events One form of education and outreach Best way to get more people to drive electric Also called “Butts in Seats” events Sponsor works with PIA to host an event, PIA works with dealers to loan cars for the event; events usually a fun experience Comfortable peer-to-peer conversations between non-EV drivers and EV drivers Non-EV drivers learn in a non-sales setting about: The ease of charging The easy maintenance Safety Cost Performance of the vehicles National Drive Electric Week coordinated by Plug In America, Sierra Club, Electric Auto Association

EV Benefits For the Driver… EVs are fun to drive. EVs are convenient – no trip to the gas station needed. Fill up overnight! EVs are cheaper to maintain.  EVs are cheaper to fuel than gas vehicles.

EV Benefits Gas vs electricity prices (WA state)

EV Benefits

EV Benefits For the Policymaker… For Utilities and Grid Operators… See the Plug In America Factsheet on PEV Benefits!

Life-cycle Emissions: ICE vs. BEV Source: UCS “Cleaner Cars from Cradle to Grave”, Nov. 2015

Current Status: Vehicles Sales at near zero in 2010, now at 530,000 cars sold Model availability on the rise

Current Status: Sales Source: Alliance for Automobile Manufacturers, Center for Sustainable Energy

Current Status: Sales Source: PEVC, Hybridcars.com

Current Status: Sales Plug-in Hybrids sold in the U.S. (October 2016): 5,943 Plug-in Hybrid Take-Rate: 0.44% GM Volt, Ford Fusion Energie Battery Electrics sold in the U.S. (October 2016): 5,408 Battery Electric Take-Rate: 0.40% Tesla Model S, Nissan Leaf Source: hybridcars.com

Current EV Model Availability Source: UCS “Electrifying the Vehicle Market”, Aug. 2016

Current Status: Targets National goal of 1 M EVs by 2020 State targets ZEV Mandate: credit program, likely to achieve 15% of new vehicle sales as ZEVs by 2025 CA, NY, NJ, CT, OR, VT, ME, MD, RI, MA CA Governor Goal: 1.5 Million EVs on the road by 2025 August 2016 MIT Study: 87% of U.S. vehicles could be replaced with EVs now Would lead to 60% reduction in total U.S. gasoline consumption, 30% reduction in transportation emissions emitted in 2014 The West Coast Electric Highway is complete – with charging stations along Highway 5 from San Diego through Washington State Proposed DC Fast Charging Corridors across the country in cooperation with DOE

Current Status: Driver Policies Need different policies depending on the driver: Current EV Drivers More abundant EV charging Test drive events Better financial incentives Better media coverage Electric car rentals Electric-only dealerships EV access to HOV lanes, bus lanes, and toll roads (for free) Electric carsharing Potential EV Drivers Better financial incentives More abundant charging Test drive events Better media coverage Electric car rentals EV access to HOV lanes, bus lanes, and toll roads (for free) Electric carsharing Electric buses Electric-only dealerships

EV Policy – Ideal Package Yes / No Purchase Incentive  HOV or Tolls Incentive x Licensing Incentive Parking Incentive X Charging Infrastructure Incentive Government Leading by Example Charging Rates Vehicle Miles Travelled Discussion Other

Current Status: EV Policy Most current set of incentives on our website!

Charging Infrastructure L1 L2 DCFC

Charging Infrastructure L1 – SAE J1772 Connector Also called trickle charging L1 ~ 1.65kW [(15 Amp X 110 Volts/1000]

Charging Infrastructure L2 – SAE J1772 Connector Uses vehicle built in charger 80 Amps @240 Volts (19.2kW) is the maximum for L2, but many EVSE only use 30-40 Amps (7.2kW)

Charging Infrastructure DCFC – bypasses the vehicle charger and gives energy directly into the battery DCFC Typical: 50 kW Max: 240 kW Tesla Supercharger: 120 kW Three competing standards: Japanese (CHAdeMO) European / American (SAE Combo) Tesla (Supercharger)

Charging Infrastructure Principles Charging infrastructure should be installed in the following order to save costs: L1 at homes and workplaces, DCFC, L2 at workplaces, L2 at home, and finally L2 in other public places. Consumers and workplaces need support for DCFC. Utilities should be allowed to deploy charging infrastructure.

Charging Infrastructure Principles 4. Charging rates should be kept low for ratepayers. 5. Demand response programs should include PEVs, as a precursor to V2G. 6. Building Codes should include requirements that all new buildings and associated parking lots are “made ready” up to the conduit. 7. Consumer protection principles should be adhered to.

Consumer Protection Principles Open Access – can I get a charge? One EV club! This is defined as the ability to get a charge at any public charger - including L1, L2 and DCFC - either via a credit card swipe or mobile app to enable the charge. Transparency – what’s the price? The price of a charge should be clear when the PEV driver connects to the charger. Interoperability – “cell phone roaming”! This is a key principle for the entire charging infrastructure ecosystem. Currently, many companies have their own card or key, which means drivers must either join multiple “clubs” or risk being unable to charge. NEMA EVSE 1.2-2015 EV Charging Network Interoperability Standard Part 2: A Contactless RFID Credential for Authentication (UR Interface) Mapping data – where is the charger?! All electric vehicle service providers (EVSPs) should provide mapping data for charging locations, including costs for charging (both in and out of network). Signage – again, where is the charger?! Stations are still challenging to locate as the physical hardware is not that large.

Role of the Utility Commissioner Should encourage utilities to deploy a range of programs that can aid in the adoption of these clean vehicles: Raise awareness for PEVs by mention in newsletters, social media, bill inserts, etc. Host events that offer test drives or rides in PEVs Install charging stations, specifically focused on multiunit dwellings, workplaces and PEV corridor designated locations Offer a financial incentive, such as a discounted group buy, or by offering a rebate for the purchase and installation of a home charger Keep charging rates low for PEV drivers

Workplace Charging Facts Employers with charging stations have employees who are 20 times more likely to buy an electric car Compared to other employee benefits, EV charging infrastructure is a bargain! $8.25/day for health insurance $4.16/day for gym membership $3.40/day company cell phone $2.50/cup coffee <$2.00/day Level 2 charging <$0.80/day Level 1 charging

EVs for EVeryone: Equity How can we increase adoption in low income communities? Put money back in consumer pockets Sales tax exemption, rebates Make the upfront investment affordable Offer a financing package: OEM credit enhancement through lease/loss reserves Make their lives easier HOV lane access – longer commutes Provide security to make the investment Battery replacement funding programs Strategically place charging infrastructure Multi-unit dwellings Make the EV lifestyle easy to understand EV experience centers in low income areas

Standards NIST Handbook 130: Deals with electricity sold as a vehicle fuel, labeling on the charging infrastructure In CA, Notice of Proposed Rulemaking out in May 2016: “Fuels, Lubricants and Automotive Products; Method of Sale, Advertising and Labeling” NIST Handbook 44: “Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices” In CA, working to amend, proposed rulemaking out October 2016 Establishes specifications and accuracy tolerances for commercial EVSE: Accuracy, Repeatability, Suitability, Indications, Representations, Facilitation of Fraud HB 44 all about informing the consumer: testing, enforcement; requires a digital display in real time, receipts, operating temperature, accuracy, etc. The state and counties would enforce.

Thank you! Questions? Katherine Stainken, Policy Director kstainken@pluginamerica.org