Nonrenewable Energy Chapter 17

17-1 Energy Resources and Fossil Fuels List five factors that influence the value of a fuel. Explain how fuels are used to generate electricity in an electric power plant. Identify patterns of energy consumption and production in the world and in the United States. Explain how fossil fuels form and how they are used. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of fossil-fuel use. List three factors that influence predictions of fossil-fuel production.

17-1 Vocabulary A fossil fuel is a nonrenewable energy resource formed from the remains of organisms that lived long ago; examples include oil, coal, and natural gas. An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Petroleum is a liquid mixture of complex hydrocarbon compounds that is used widely as a fuel source. Oil reserves are oil deposits that are discovered and are in commercial production.

Fuel! What is it good for? We use fuels to Run cars Run ships Run planes Run factories Most of these are naturally occurring Natural resources

Fuel! What is it good for? Fossil fuels are these natural resources Essential for our everyday life But two major problems with them Limited supply With uneven distribution Environmental problems

Fuels for Different Uses List all of the uses you can for fossil fuels INDIVIDUALLY! Then I’ll stamp Then, with a group, try to break them into five categories And I’ll stamp again

Fuels for Different Uses There are five main uses for fossil fuels Cooking Transportation Manufacturing (making things) Heating and cooling Produce electricity to run stuff

Fuels for Different Uses Certain fuels are used with certain tasks We want to look at a fuel’s Energy output Content Cost Availability Safety

Fuels for different uses Plane fuel Why not use coal? _________________ Campfire Why not use airplane fuel? _________________

Electricity—Power on Demand Chemical energy stored in fuel can be converted into electrical energy Electrical energy is convenient Quick and easy to transport Can be used over short or long distances

Electricity—Power on Demand Negatives of electrical energy Difficult to store Have to use another energy source to generate it

Electricity—Power on Demand

Electricity—Power on Demand Generators produce electrical energy by moving an electrically conductive material within a magnetic field Let’s see it in action!

Electricity—Power on Demand Quick Demonstration Do the demo to the right and answer the questions on your packet Then I’ll stamp

Electricity—Power on Demand Turbines are commonly used in generators They turn to get energy Usually water is boiled to make steam The steam turns the turbine The water can be heated with all sorts of things Such as coal, gas, or nuclear energy

Energy Use Every item requires energy to produce Most items have that cost built into the price

Energy Use World Energy use patterns Developed countries use more energy than developing nations Developing nations are rapidly increasing their energy usage

Energy Use Varies within developed nations Japan and Sweden have more income than the US, but they use less energy WHY? _______________________________

Energy Use in the US We are number three in energy usage in the world Canada United Arab Emirates

Energy Use in the US A huge amount of our energy goes into transportation (27%) We often use inefficient trucks to move goods Most people do not use public transportation Low gas taxes / prices No incentive to switch

Gas Averages

Nonrenewable Resources 3 Main categories Coal Petroleum Natural Gas

Nonrenewable Resources You will fill out the chart in your notes, including Formation (3-5 steps) Uses (at least 2) Environmental Effects /Disadvantages (2-3) Advantages (2) Then I’ll stamp

Other Thoughts There is an uneven distribution of these resources in the US

Other Thoughts There is an uneven distribution of these resources worldwide

Other Thoughts Most of our energy in the US comes from coal Worldwide it’s petroleum (oil)

These plastic buttons are made from milk! Petroleum Makes plastic Not the only way! Let’s make our own! These plastic buttons are made from milk!

Future energy? We will read the case study together (p 472). Then you will answer questions on it. Then I’ll stamp

Fracking in PA Fracking is a way to remove natural gas from the Earth

Bradford County us

Bradford County Gas Wells

Fossil Fuels and the Future Today—90% of our energy comes from fossil fuels 2050—the demand will double! More people More nations becoming developed

Predicted oil Production Production is peaked (2010) With better technology, may be able to extract oil better Current technology is limited Are there future deposits not discovered?

17-1 Energy Resources and Fossil Fuels List five factors that influence the value of a fuel. Explain how fuels are used to generate electricity in an electric power plant. Identify patterns of energy consumption and production in the world and in the United States. Explain how fossil fuels form and how they are used. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of fossil-fuel use. List three factors that influence predictions of fossil-fuel production.

17-2 Nuclear Energy Describe nuclear fission. Describe how a nuclear power plant works. List three advantages and three disadvantages of nuclear energy.

17-2 Vocabulary Nuclear energy Nuclear fission Nuclear fusion

The Nuclear Era 1950s and 1960s 1970s and 1980s Nuclear energy was thought to be the energy of the future Clean Plentiful 1970s and 1980s 120 planned nuclear power plants were cancelled Why?

Fission: Splitting Atoms Nuclear energy is the energy released by a fission or fusion reaction. It represents the binding energy of the atomic nucleus. Atoms forces within an atoms are a million times stronger than the bonds that hold atoms together Uranium is the main element we use

Fission: Splitting Atoms Nuclear fission is the splitting of the nucleus of a large atom into two or more fragments. Uranium is attacked with neutrons Causes the uranium to split Gives off energy and more neutrons Can quickly get out of hand (chain reaction)

Fission: Splitting Atoms Why don’t our nuclear power plants get out of hand? WE make sure they are highly controlled 90+% Uranium in weapons 3.5% Uranium in power plants

How It Works Reactor is well surrounded in case of an accident Cooling Fluid Concrete Walls Pressurized http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/students/animated-pwr.html

How Nuclear Energy Works A reactor has metal rods Uranium Non-uranium The non-radioactive rods absorb the extra energy

How Nuclear Energy Works Heat released from the reaction boils water Steam turns a turbine Electricity is generated

Nuclear Positives Concentrated No greenhouse gases Less radioactivity?

Why don’t we use it? 75% of France’s electricity comes from nuclear power They only put out 1/5 the emissions we do

Why don’t we use it? It’s expensive Costs 3-5 times other fuel sources How do we store it? Plutonium (made from Uranium splitting) Radioactive for 240,000 years! Need a stable site Yucca Mountain Transmutation

Why don’t we use it? Safety concerns Chernobyl (1986) Engineers turned off most of safety controls for unauthorized test 3 Mile Island (PA) (1979) Human error Blocked valves Broken pumps

Chernobyl Why don’t we use it

Why don’t we use it 3 Mile Island

INDEPENDENTLY, write a 5-10 sentence summary on a separate page on whether or not you think the US should Stop using nuclear power completely Keep using the power we have but not build any more (status quo) Build additional nuclear power plants and use this source more in the future What do you think?

Future of Nuclear Nuclear Fusion Combines two atom together Creates a lot of energy What powers the sun Less dangerous to do

Future of Nuclear Nuclear Fusion is the combination of the nuclei of small atoms to form a larger nucleus. Fusion releases tremendous amounts of energy. Hard to do Need temps above 1,000,000! Need high concentrations of atoms Need a confined area Never achieved We’re working on it Hadron Collider

17-2 Nuclear Energy Describe nuclear fission. Describe how a nuclear power plant works. List three advantages and three disadvantages of nuclear energy.

Your Exam You are to conduct research on nuclear energy You are to create a 3 page, double spaced paper, 12 point font Times New Roman This is an individual assignment and counts as your test for Chapter 17 It is due Tuesday, May 28th Paper receives a 10% reduction in points for each day late

Your Exam: Topics* What is the fate of nuclear energy? What things should be considered when deciding to use nuclear energy? Compare the value of nuclear energy to other forms of renewable energy sources Compare the value of nuclear energy to other forms of nonrenewable energy sources Why is the U.S. “deinvesting” in nuclear energy? Trace the history of nuclear energy use globally. *other topics will be considered as up to the discretion of your instructor